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Biomedical subjects

J W Fielding

Publications and source records attributed to J W Fielding.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

In vivo studies on the uptake of radiolabelled antibodies by colorectal and gastric carcinoma xenografts.

A number of criteria have been investigated to try to improve the uptake of radiolabelled antibodies by colorectal carcinoma xenografts. The in vivo behaviour of four antibodies was compared and found to vary. Two antibodies, 11-285-14 and 14-95-55, demonstrated specific uptake by the tumours. 11-357-5 was lost from the tumour after 72 h and the fourth antibody could not be iodinated without loss of activity. Neither increased time nor increased dose were shown to increase the uptake of antibody by tumours although the clearance of antibody from blood was shown to be more rapid than from tumour resulting in clearer backgrounds. Increased tumour:blood ratios were demonstrated by particular combinations of antibodies but the extent to which this occurred varied with the epitopes recognised. High carcinoembryonic antigen expressing xenografts did not show significantly higher uptake of antibody. This was shown to be due to the smaller size of these tumours and associated decreased vascularity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Osteochondroma of the cervical spine.

Osteochondroma of the cervical spine is an uncommon manifestation of a common bony tumor. A case is reported of a lesion arising from the base of the spinous process of C2. Review of the literature provided data related to the cervical spine level and location within the cervical vertebral body of 11 additional osteochondromas in patients under 18 years of age. Analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between osteochondroma distribution and the known occurrence of primary bone centers.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1986

Localisation of gastrointestinal cancer with a 131 I labelled monoclonal antibody to CEA.

The localisation of tumour deposits by a 131 I labelled monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been evaluated in 24 patients with primary gastric, oesophageal and colorectal cancer and in 26 patients with clinically suspected recurrent gastric and colorectal cancer. Seventeen of 20 primary sites and 6/15 associated secondary sites were correctly identified by external scanning. Measurement of radiolabelled antibody in the resected specimens demonstrated a 2.6-3.3 fold increase in comparison with the surrounding normal tissue (P less than 0.01). The antibody scans were compared with computerised tomography (CT) in the detection of recurrent disease. The respective sensitivities and specificities for the two investigations were 61% and 33% for antibody scanning and 64% and 100% for CT. Assessment of the distribution of labelled antibody demonstrated rapid clearance with less than 2% detectable in serum samples at 24 h. The implications of these findings together with the mechanisms of excretion are discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression in normal, chronically inflamed, and malignant pancreatic tissue by immunohistochemistry.

The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was evaluated by immunoperoxidase staining with two anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies in normal, chronically inflamed, and malignant pancreatic tissue. Positive staining was not observed in normal specimens. In pancreatic cancer the expression of CEA was related to the degree of differentiation of the tumour. Positive staining was also observed in chronic pancreatitis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Combined atlas and axis fractures visualized by computerized tomography.

Combined fractures of the atlas and axis are rare, with only four cases reported in the English literature. Combined fractures occur most frequently in the elderly. Computerized axial tomography and other special techniques are required for adequate visualization of these complex fractures.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Osteoid osteoma in a cervical pedicle. Resection via transpillar approach.

Lesions in the pedicles of the cervical spine are both a diagnostic and technical challenge. An osteoid osteoma of the pedicle of the fourth cervical vertebra occurred in a 17-year-old girl. Resection of the tumor adjacent to the dura medially and the vertebral artery anterolaterally was accomplished via a transpillar approach. The transosseus approach preserved the facet joints and posterior elements and obviated the need for an interbody fusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A phase II study to evaluate tamoxifen in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Oestrogen receptors have been demonstrated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and it has been suggested that tamoxifen increases patient survival. This study of 14 patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas fails to demonstrate any objective response from endocrine manipulation using tamoxifen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Significance of positive bacterial cultures from aortic aneurysm contents.

Aneurysm contents were cultured in 275 patients out of a series of 546 cases undergoing infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair between 1961 and 1981. The incidence of positive cultures was 8 per cent. Cultures were more likely to be positive if taken from ruptured (16.7 per cent) and acute (9.1 per cent) aneurysms than from elective (4.2 per cent) cases (X2 = 6.69, P less than 0.01). Gram-positive organisms predominated with Micrococcus being the commonest isolate. Positive cultures were seen at an annual rate of 1-3 cases up to 1976 since which time all have been negative and we believe this may be due to prophylactic antibiotics being given preoperatively rather than postoperatively. The incidence of subsequent graft sepsis was greater in patients with positive aneurysm contents cultures (7 out of 22) than in those with negative cultures (6 out of 253) (X2 = 32.7, P less than 0.001). We recommend the routine culture of aneurysm contents to identify patients who are at high risk of developing graft sepsis and suggest that those cases with positive cultures receive prolonged organism-specific antibiotic therapy. In addition, there is evidence that pre-operative antibiotics may eliminate organisms from aneurysms, thus reducing the subsequent risk of graft sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of gastric partitioning on gastric emptying in morbidly obese patients.

Gastric partitioning is undertaken for morbid obesity but the mechanism by which weight loss is achieved is unclear. The effect of partitioning on gastric emptying has therefore been studied. In thirty patients with a mean weight of 124.6 +/- 7.3 kg (+/- s.e.m.), a stapling technique was used to create a 50 cm3 upper gastric reservoir which communicated via a 10 mm stoma with the distal stomach. Twenty-four pre-operative and nineteen postoperative gastric emptying studies were performed using separate 50 cm3 solid and liquid 113m In-labelled meals. The time taken to achieve 50 per cent gastric emptying and the delay in isotope reaching the duodenum were measured from gamma camera images. There was no correlation between the pre-operative weight of the patients and their gastric emptying rates. The median 50 per cent gastric emptying time for solids was increased from 21 min (range 8-34) to 37.5 min (range 8-60) (P less than 0.001), unpaired Wilcoxon), but was little changed from 17 min (1.5-30) to 16 (1.5-30) min using liquids. Delay in arrival at the duodenum was increased for solids from 0.5 min (0.5-13) to 2.5 min (0.5-42.5) (P less than 0.05) but again there was no significant effect on liquid emptying. Postoperative 50 per cent emptying time for solids correlated with mean weight loss at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (P less than 0.05). Following gastric partitioning there is delayed emptying of solids with related weight loss but liquid emptying is unaffected.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1985

Venous access using the Hickman catheter.

Fifty silastic (Hickman) right atrial catheters were implanted in 43 patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy or parenteral nutrition. The mean catheter survival was 72 days (range 2-316 days), but 17 catheters were removed before treatment was complete. Thirteen catheters were removed for septic complications. It is concluded that the Hickman catheter will provide venous access for prolonged periods, but its benefits must be weighed against the risks of septic complications which may occur frequently in the absence of uniform care and maintenance of the catheter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Clinicopathological staging of gastric cancer.

13 175 patients with gastric carcinomas have been staged with reference to the TNM staging system. This has confirmed the poor overall prognosis (5.5 per cent and 3.8 per cent age-adjusted survival rates at 5 and 10 years respectively). However, it has demonstrated the significant survival associated with the treatment of Stage I disease (70.0 per cent at 5 years and 63.2 per cent at 10 years). This study demonstrates that 72.9 per cent of cases are unresected and that interpretation of resectability rates must be related to the population base of the study.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Acute gastrointestinal complications of infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair.

Acute gastrointestinal complications developed in 31 of 472 patients following aortic aneurysmectomy (6.6 per cent). In order of frequency these were: ischaemic intestine in nine patients, mechanical or paralytic ileus in eight patients, peptic ulceration in seven patients, undiagnosed gastrointestinal bleeding in five patients and paraprosthetic fistula in two patients. The risk of developing peptic ulcer complications was not significantly increased in patients with a previous history of peptic ulcer disease. The risk of developing an ischaemic intestine was increased if the distal limb of a prosthesis was anastomosed directly to the external iliac artery. The associated mortality was high and 21 (67.7 per cent) patients died. 33.3 per cent of the mortality occurring with elective aneurysm resection was associated with gastrointestinal complications.

Acute Disease↗