Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J W Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to J W Cooper.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pharmacist-coordinated pneumonia and influenza vaccination program.

High-risk candidates in an ambulatory-care center were identified and immunized against pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza in a program coordinated by a pharmacist. Patients determined to be at increased risk for pneumococcal pneumonia were notified by letter of the vaccination program and encouraged to participate. Participants were then screened by their health-care providers to determine whether they were candidates for the vaccination. Those who received the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine were later urged to be immunized against influenza virus. Of 1593 patients selected as possible vaccine candidates, 474 received the pneumococcal vaccine and 397 received the influenza vaccine. No confirmed cases of pneumococcal pneumonia and only one case of flu-like syndrome developed among the immunized patients. Income from the program exceeded its cost, excluding the salaries of the center's employees. Substantial savings were projected from reduced future treatment costs. The pharmacist had initiated and coordinated a successful effort to increase vaccine use and decrease morbidity.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1981

the consultant pharmacist and analgesic/anti-inflammatory drug usage in a geriatric long-term facility.

The contribution of a consultant pharmacist to a 33-month study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug usage by 210 elderly long-term patients was evaluated by a fifth-year pharmacy student. In the 143 patients who used analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents, significant changes were noted, viz, decreased use of codeine (p = .002); increased use of acetaminophen (p = .003) and anti-inflammatory agents (p = .020); increased regular scheduling of aspirin and acetaminophen; and an overall decrease in total drug usage from 7.2 to 4.8 drugs per patient. No effect was noted on the number of analgesics per patient, and the percentage of aspirin or propoxyphene or acetaminophen combinations used. A protocol was established for pain therapy, including a system of stop orders for propoxyphene and codeine.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Cytogenetical studies of infertile pigs.

Cytogenetical studies were made on 6 infertile pigs. Post-mortem examination of the reproductive organs of 5 of these pigs showed them to be intersexes. Regardless of the degree of gonadal deviation from the normal, chromosome karyotype of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow, liver and kidney, revealed that 4 of the intersexes had a 38,XX constitution. One intersex exhibited sex chromosome mosaicism (38XX/38XY) in lymphocytes from the peripheral blood and bone marrow and a normal male karyotype (38XY) in cultured liver and kidney cells. The sixth pig, a phenotypically normal boar, also had a 38XX/38XY chromosome constitution.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Physician-, nurse-, and pharmacist-conducted patient drug histories.

A study was conducted in a 99-bed community hospital to determine quantitative differences in medication histories of selected patients conducted by pharmacists, nurses, and physicians. The hospital pharmacist documented more frequent patient medication usage than the nurse or physician. This study reaffirms the results observed by other investigators. The pharmacist, extensively trained and educated in the use and action of medications, should be considered a valuable resource in the documentation of drug use prior to hospital admission.

Drug Utilization↗
PubMed1978

Thioridazine-associated immune hemolytic anemia.

An association between the ingestion of 72 gm of thioridazine over a 31-month period and immune hemolytic anemia is reported, with a schematic presentation of drug treatment and hematopoietic response during hospitalization.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Contribution of the consultant pharmacist to rational drug usage in the long-term care facility.

In a rural 116-bed skilled nursing facility, a study was made of the influence of a Consultant Pharmacist on drug usage over a one-year period. Lines of communication were established with the six attending physicians by means of work rounds, telephone calls, and both official and unofficial memoranda. Daily pharmacy rounds were conducted with health-care students and the nursing supervisor, who facilitated physician-pharmacist communication. The physician-nurse-pharmacist team studied each patient's problems, the status of the therapeutic endpoint, and the need of and usage of each regularly scheduled or pro re nata (PRN) drug. Stop-order and standing-order protocols were developed. During the one-year period, the number of regularly scheduled drugs per patient was reduced from 3.30 to 2.66 (19.4 percent decrease), and of PRN drugs from 3.92 to 2.12 (45.9 percent decrease). The overall significant reduction was associated with the protocol and stop-order discontinuances of routinely scheduled drugs, and with the duplicated orders for drugs to relieve pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, colds and cough. Implications for optimal care of the patients, and for the economics of this federally-mandated system of consultant pharmacists are discussed.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1977

Solubility and ionization characteristics of phenytoin.

The solubility of phenytoin was determined in pH 7.4 and 5.4 phosphate buffers at five temperatures; in hydroalcoholic solutions, 0--4% methanol; and in pH 4.8--8.4 buffer solutions. From the temperature data, the enthalpy and entropy of solution of this nonideal system were calculated and were similar at both pH values. The data obtained from the buffer solutions were used to calculate the apparent dissociation constant, pKa', of phenytoin as 8.06. A GLC method with on-column methylation was used to quantitate phenytoin with 5-(p-methyl-phenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin as an internal standard. The assay uses chloroform of extraction of the drug from aqueous solutions. The ratio of peak heights was adjusted for weights of aqueous and organic layers, and results were calculated in micrograms per gram of sample and mole fraction of phenytoin. Although hydroalcoholic solutions enhanced drug solubility, there is a potentially significant disadvantage in using alcohol for clinical studies.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

Community-hospital pharmacist detection of drug-related problems upon patient admission to small hospitals.

A method was developed to increase community-hospital pharmacist consultation on patient drug use in order to detect drug-related problems upon patient admission to the hospital. A medication history was takenon criteria-selected patients admitted to two hospitals in distant, but similar, geographically small and isolated areas. Tho total number of patients selected was 392. Information about prior drug use was obtained from participating community pharmacists and their patient prescription records and medication profiles. It was found by pharmacist-acquired drug histories that one of five criteria-selected patients had a preexisting drug-related problem that the admitting physician acknowledged probably contributed to the admission and necessitated professional and patient communication. These problems included: adverse response to prescribed therapy, misuse of medication or noncompliance, effect of diet on therapy, patient treatment by more than one prescriber, and therapeutic ineffectiveness or inappropriateness of prescribed therapy. Drug histories were not obtainable in 25.6% of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Pharmacist's effect on digoxin usage and toxicity.

Digoxin usage and toxicity were compared in a prospective group of patients who were monitored by a pharmacist and a retrospective group for which there was no pharmacist consultation. For the prospective group, the pharmacist monitored patients and estimated the steady-state digoxin levels by the use of a nomographic method. Level greater than 2.2 ng/ml and concurrent ECG or physical signs of digoxin toxicity were communicated to the physician. For the retrospective group, digoxin levels were calculated based on data from the patients' charts. The 49 patients in the two study groups were categorized according to four levels of digoxin toxicity (ranging from "no evidence" to "probable"). The only characteristic that was significantly different between the two groups was the calculated creatinine clearance (lower for the retrospective group). The maintenance dose of digoxin and the incidence of digoxin toxicity were significantly lower in the prospective group. It is concluded that pharmacist intervention may have had an effect in reducing digoxin dosage and toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Damage and recovery assessment of the mouse jejunum to abdominal X-ray and adriamycin treatment.

The influence of adriamycin on the post-irradiation proliferative response of the mouse jejunum was examined. Doses of either 5 or 10 mg/kg of adriamycin administered immediately after abdominal irradiation reduced the LD50/7 days by 300-400 R. Neither dosage of the drug reduced the number of surviving crypts, as measured by the crypt isolation and microcolony techniques, for a given radiation exposure. However, both drug dosages reduced the amount of post-irradiation compensatory hyperplasia, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation.

Animals↗