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J W Casselman

Publications and source records attributed to J W Casselman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Single-shot, turbo spin-echo, diffusion-weighted imaging versus spin-echo-planar, diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.

Diagnosis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma on MR imaging is mostly done on late postgadolinium T1-weighted MR images and/or echo-planar (EPI) diffusion-weighted (DWI) MR images. We describe the appearance of a case of a complicated attical middle ear cholesteatoma on single-shot (SS) turbo spin-echo (TSE) DWI compared with EPI-DWI. This case suggests a higher reliability of SS TSE-DWI in the diagnosis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Bell's palsy with ipsilateral numbness.

Bell's palsy is an idiopathic facial palsy of the peripheral type. A herpes virus is the most likely mechanism. We report a patient with the often encountered combination of a facial palsy with ipsilateral sensory changes. Magnetic resonance imaging showed had contrast enhancement in the greater petrosal nerve. Viral spread through anatomical connections could be an explanation for the association of facial palsy with numbness.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The sphenoid bone: anatomy].

In this paper, the anatomy of the sphenoid bone and surrounding and associated structures is described. The sphenoid bone is centrally located in the skull base. The anatomy of the bony canals, foramina and fissures that run through the sphenoid bone or run along its borders must be known. The osseous anatomy can be studied using CT. On the other hand, MR is mandatory for visualization of the vascular and nervous structures in and around the sphenoid bone.

Cavernous Sinus↗
PubMed2002

Temporal bone anomalies in the branchio-oto-renal syndrome: detailed computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

OBJECTIVE: To inventory computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings in the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging study on a family with the BOR syndrome. SETTING: Department of medical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging at St. Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium. PATIENTS: Eight affected members of a Belgian family. Younger affected family members were excluded because of their age. RESULTS: Computed tomography showed inner ear malformations in all eight affected patients. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on five patients and showed inner ear malformations. To define hypoplasia or congenital enlargement of the inner ear structures, measurements obtained from a control group of normal subjects were used for comparison. Almost symmetrical cochlear abnormalities were observed on the three-dimensional Fourier transformation-constructive interference in steady state images of the five patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging; four had dysplasia of the cochlea, and one had hypoplasia. The vestibule was slightly enlarged in one patient; computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed semicircular canal malformations. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly showed bilateral enlarged endolymphatic sacs and ducts, whereas computed tomography showed only unilateral widening of the vestibular aqueduct and borderline widening of the vestibular aqueduct. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral hypoplasia of the cochlear branch of the eighth nerve in one patient. CONCLUSION: Hypoplasia and dysplasia of the cochlea were consistent findings, and only magnetic resonance imaging was able to evaluate the intracochlear changes in detail and corrected computed tomography in most patients. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging also detected bilateral hypoplasia of the cochlear branch of the eighth nerve in one patient. A widened vestibular aqueduct and a widened vestibular sac were frequent but not obligatory features of the BOR syndrome. Other malformations of the middle ear included a reduced middle ear cavity and malformations of the ossicular chain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Ramsay Hunt syndrome: pathophysiology of cochleovestibular symptoms.

Ramsay Hunt's hypothesis that herpes zoster oticus results from reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the geniculate ganglion is supported by the detection of viral genome in archival temporal bones of normals and Ramsay Hunt patients by the polymerase chain reaction. Ramsay Hunt syndrome is characterized by the presence of cochleovestibular symptoms in association with facial paralysis. VZV has also been demonstrated in the spiral and/or vestibular ganglion. Two cases are reported in which cochleovestibular symptoms outweighed the facial nerve symptoms, presumably representing VZV reactivation in the spiral and/or vestibular ganglion. From these observations and the known dormancy of VZV in non-neuronal satellite cells, it is argued that the cochleovestibular symptoms in Ramsay Hunt syndrome may result from VZV transmission across the nerves inside the internal auditory canal and that prompt treatment with an antiviral-corticosteroid combination might be justified in the management of any acute non-hydropic cochleovestibular syndrome.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2001

The presence of a widened vestibular aqueduct and progressive sensorineural hearing loss in the branchio-oto-renal syndrome. A family study.

OBJECTIVE: A new large family with the BOR syndrome is reported with special reference to the presence of a widened vestibular aqueduct and a progressive sensorineural component in the mixed hearing loss. A review of the BOR literature of 184 patients is given. SETTING: University Hospitals. RESULTS: A BOR family with 17 affected members was studied. Fourteen of those 17 were still alive and 12 of those cooperated in this clinical study. Detailed radiological studies showed in three out of 12 affected family members a widened vestibular aqueduct and progressive sensorineural hearing loss. This raises the question whether there is a true correlation or whether those are coincidental. CONCLUSION: In our family with the Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome, a widened vestibular aqueduct and progressive hearing loss is found in a few affected family members. Imaging of the temporal bones and long-term audiometric follow-up could help to reveal whether the widened vestibular aqueduct is the cause for the progressive hearing loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

CT and MR imaging of congential abnormalities of the inner ear and internal auditory canal.

The embryology of the inner ear must be known as many of the inner ear malformations present as a result of the arrest during the various stages of embryology. These malformations are described in this "embryologic" perspective and specific names for certain malformations are no longer used. Both CT and MR can be used to look at inner ear malformations but often both techniques are complementary. However, CT is preferred when associated middle- or external ear malformations must be excluded. Magnetic resonance is preferred when subtle changes in the membranous labyrinth or abnormalities of the nerves in the internal auditory canal must be visualised. The CT and MR technique must however be adapted as more and more subtle congenital malformations can only be seen when the right technique is used. The heavily T2-weighted gradient-echo or fast spin-echo MR techniques are mandatory if malformations of the inner ear must be excluded. The purpose of this paper is to describe the techniques used to study these patients and to give an overview of the most frequent and important congenital malformations which can be found in the inner ear and internal auditory canal/cerebellopontine angle.

Ear, Inner↗
PubMed2001

The faith of a coronal suture grafted onto midline synostosis inducing dura and deprived from tensile stress.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss possible reasons for the synostosis of a coronal suture that was transplanted onto synostosis inducing dura in a scaphocephalic human cranium. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Supraregional teaching hospital, center for craniofacial anomalies. PATIENT: A bathmocephalic boy, followed from age 7(1/2) to 26 months. INTERVENTION: Radical synostosectomy, radial osteotomies in the parietal bone with outward fracturing of the barrel staves, and left-sided coronal suture transplantation onto the midline was undertaken at the age of 11 months. METHODS: Computer tomography and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: The sutural graft, initially deprived from tensile stress and quickly exposed to the anomalous dura, turned synostotic in one year. CONCLUSIONS: Both cell signaling and biomechanical theories on calvarial morphogenesis, sutural development, and synostosis can apply. An animal experiment is recommended to test which hypothesis prevails.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1999

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea from a tegmen defect: transmastoid repair with minicraniotomy.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is a rare condition that presents in 2 clinical categories. In congenital labyrinthine malformations, it leads to bouts of meningitis in a hearing-impaired child. In the adult age group, a spontaneous CSF leak almost always results from a dural and bony defect in the tegmen area. Possible pathogenic mechanisms include progressive sagging and rupture of dura through a congenital tegmen dehiscence and progressive bone erosion by aberrant arachnoid granulations. These patients usually present with a middle ear effusion, resulting in clear discharge after myringotomy with tube insertion. Based on 4 patients with a CSF leak from a tegmen defect, this report reviews the clinical findings and diagnostic approach. The surgical management by a 5-layer closure using a transmastoid approach with minicraniotomy is outlined. This procedure offers a relatively simple and reliable method for repair without the inherent risks of a middle fossa craniotomy.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1999

Narrow and vacant internal auditory canal.

A case of unilateral congenital deafness revealing a narrow vacant internal auditory canal and a more anterior and superior second canal where the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves are well visualised is presented. Having reviewed the scientific and embryological data, the authors consider the mechanism of this malformation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Although gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) has been used to indicate the presence of a subclinical labyrinthitis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL), its sensitivity in daily clinical practice is unknown. We describe Gd-MRI findings in 27 ISSHL patients taking part in a prospective multicenter clinical trial. MRI findings were related to the severity of the hearing loss, vestibular involvement and the time interval between the occurrence of ISSHL and imaging. Pathological enhancement of the cochlea indicating a labyrinthitis was found in one patient with ISSHL. In 26 cases, no pathological enhancement could be established. Study results indicate that the present sensitivity of Gd-MRI is low for detecting subclinical viral labyrinthitis in patients with ISSHL. To improve the sensitivity of MRI in ISSHL, we recommend that imaging is performed as early as possible, preferably before treatment is started.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Imaging of the inner ear].

New computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) techniques allow more detailed anatomic studies of the inner ear. CT is still the best technique to study patients with fractures, congenital malformations and otodystrophies involving the inner ear. During recent years MR imaging has emerged as an excellent method to detect pathology in the internal auditory canal, membranous labyrinth and bony labyrinth and to characterize petrous apex lesions. MR has even proved its value in patients with fractures and congenital malformations making the diagnosis of, for instance, labyrinthine concussion and absence of the vestibulocochlear nerve possible. The diagnosis of acute/chronic labyrinthitis and intralabyrinthine tumors has also became possible. However, MR and CT are often complementary, as is the case in patients with mixed hearing loss, congenital malformations and petrous apex lesions.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1997

Aplasia and hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve: diagnosis with MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To introduce aplasia or hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VCN) as a possible cause of hearing loss and to identify the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In seven patients with congenital deafness or unexplained sensorineural hearing loss, MR imaging enabled diagnosis of aplasia or hypoplasia of the VCN. Axial (0.7-mm) three-dimensional Fourier transformation-constructive interference in steady state (3DFT-CISS) images and parasagittal reconstruction images perpendicular on the course of the VCN were obtained. Twenty normal inner ears were also studied; their findings were compared with those of the patients. RESULTS: The facial nerve and inferior and superior vestibular and cochlear branches of the VCN were identified on the MR images in the 20 normal inner ears. Aplasia of the VCN was detected in two patients with normal labyrinths but with a severe stenosis of the internal auditory canal. A common VCN with absence of the cochlear branch was found bilaterally in two patients with a congenital malformation of the labyrinth. A common VCN with absence or hypoplasia of the cochlear branch was found in three patients with normal internal auditory canals and labyrinths. CONCLUSION: Submillimetric gradient-echo images (eg, 3DFT-CISS) should always be used to exclude aplasia or hypoplasia of the cochlear branch of the VCN in all cochlear implant candidates and patients with congenital deafness. This entity, which can occur with or without associated labyrinthine malformation, should be confirmed in two planes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Inner ear malformations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss: detection with gradient-echo (3DFT-CISS) MRI.

The sensitivity of different MRI sequences in the detection of inner ear malformations in patients presenting with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and/or vertigo was evaluated. We studied 650 patients presenting with SNHL and/or vertigo, clinically not suspected of having inner ear malformations. The sensitivity of T1-weighted, Gd-enhanced T1-weighted and (when available) T2-weighted spin-echo images, and three-dimensional Fourier transformation-constructive interference in steady state (3DFT-CISS) gradient-echo images, to unexpected malformations was assessed. Inner ear malformations were found in 15 (2.3%) of these patients. Enlargement of the endolymphatic duct and sac was the most frequent malformation, found in 11 patients. The 3DFT-CISS images showed all lesions; the other sequences were less sensitive and the pathology was missed, partially or only retrospectively seen in 11 of the 15 patients. Therefore, in addition to the routine unenhanced and Gd-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, thin gradient-echo (3DFT-CISS) images are necessary to detect all clinically unexpected inner ear malformations in patients presenting with vertigo and/or SNHL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and ipsiversive torsional nystagmus.

We report four patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia and torsional nystagmus, ipsiversive to the side of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) lesion. The MLF lesion could be responsible for an inactivation of the ipsilateral interstitial nucleus of Cajal inducing a contraversive slow phase. The presence of a corrective ipsiversive quick phase implicates an intact rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Temporal bone imaging.

Ameliorated computed tomography techniques and new magnetic resonance sequences have led to an important improvement in temporal bone imaging. Computed tomography is still the method of choice for imaging of temporal bone fractures, middle ear disease, and conductive hearing loss, although magnetic imaging can add important information. Patients with lesions of the cerebellopontine angle; internal auditory canal; inner ear; and, in general, all patients with sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus are best examined with magnetic resonance imaging. In some cases, however, such as congenital malformations and petrous apex lesions, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are complementary. The value of both modalities is discussed.

Ear↗
PubMed1996

Contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast: technique and indications.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the breast is a recent promising technique. Today this technique is still dedicated to problematic cases or has very specific indications and cannot be regarded as a screening technique. However, MRI of the breast has already proved to be very reliable in the differentiation between tumor recurrence and scar formation, in the preoperative evaluation of tumor extension, the detection of a tumor recurrence adjacent to a breast prosthesis, the response of tumors to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and can also be helpful in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions. For these reasons, MR of the breast has already achieved a place in the diagnosis of breast tumors.

Adult↗