Biomedical subjects

J W Bodfish

Publications and source records attributed to J W Bodfish.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Dyskinetic movement disorder among adults with mental retardation: phenomenology and co-occurrence with stereotypy.

We screened for the occurrence of dyskinetic and stereotypic movement disorders using item-independent screening protocols to determine whether these forms of movement disorder can be distinguished among adults with mental retardation. Stereotypies and dyskinesias were reliably distinguished in terms of topography. Tardive dyskinesia occurred in 18.2% of a cohort of individuals receiving chronic neuroleptic treatment. Stereotypic movement disorder was associated with increased dyskinesia scores and increased prevalence of tardive dyskinesia. Increased dyskinesia scores were also found for subjects exhibiting stereotypy who had been free of neuroleptic treatment for 3 years. Results indicate that dyskinesia and stereotypy are discriminable movement disorders and provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that they may be related by common mechanisms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Blink rate as an index of dopamine function in adults with mental retardation and repetitive behavior disorders.

Direct observation of blink rate was used as a noninvasive, in vivo estimate of dopamine function in adults with mental retardation and repetitive behavior disorders. Blink rate as measured in groups of stereotypy, compulsion, and control subjects was highly stable. Subjects with stereotypies had significantly lower blink rates than did control subjects. Although blink rates for compulsive subjects were not significantly different from those of control subjects, a subgroup of compulsive subjects with comorbid stereotypic behaviors displayed significantly lower blink rates. Significant inverse correlations were found for blink rate and severity of repetitive behavior disorder and for blink rate and ratings of motor slowness. These findings support the hypothesis that stereotyped behavior among adults with mental retardation is mediated by hypodopaminergic function.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Compulsions in adults with mental retardation: prevalence, phenomenology, and comorbidity with stereotypy and self-injury.

A variety of conceptual similarities between compulsions seen in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder and stereotypy and self-injury seen in individuals with mental retardation led us to investigate the prevalence, phenomenology, and comorbidity of compulsions in adults with severe or profound mental retardation. We developed simple assessment screening instruments for stereotypy and self-injury and used Gedye's Compulsive Behavior Checklist and found acceptable levels of reliability, stability, and validity for each instrument. Prevalences were as follows: stereotypy: 60.9%; self-injury: 46.6%; and compulsion: 40%. The occurrence of compulsions was significantly positively associated with the occurrence of stereotypy, self-injury, and stereotypy plus self-injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Clomipramine treatment for stereotype and related repetitive movement disorders associated with mental retardation.

The efficacy of the serotonin uptake inhibitor clomipramine in the treatment of stereotyped and related repetitive behavior disorders was tested in individuals with severe and profound mental retardation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of clomipramine was associated with significant reductions in the frequency and intensity of stereotyped behavior and teacher ratings of stereotypy, hyperactivity, and irritability as well as increased adaptive engagement and decreased staff intervention for nontargeted behavior problems. Adverse effects occurred in 3 of the 10 subjects. Of the 7 subjects who tolerated the drug, 6 exhibited a clinically significant improvement in one or more repetitive behaviors. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that clomipramine is effective in treating stereotyped and related behaviors associated with mental retardation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

A comparison of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions for bulimia nervosa.

This study examined the relative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and behavioral treatment approaches for bulimia nervosa. Female bulimic Ss were randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral, behavioral, or attention placebo conditions. At posttreatment, 92% of the cognitive-behavioral group, 100% of the behavioral group, and 69% of the nonspecific self-monitoring group were abstinent from binge eating-purging. At 6-month follow-up, 69% of the cognitive-behavioral group, 38% of the behavioral group, and 15% of the nonspecific self-monitoring group were abstinent from binge eating and purging. The results support the conceptualization of bulimia nervosa as a multifaceted disorder best treated with an approach that directly addresses maladaptive cognitions, problematic behaviors, and the development of more adaptive coping skills.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Diagnosis and fluoxetine treatment of compulsive behavior disorder of adults with mental retardation.

A set of research diagnostic criteria was developed to identify potential obsessive-compulsive disorders among individuals with mental retardation and aberrant behaviors. The behavior disorders of 10 subjects who met criteria for compulsive behavior disorder and 6 subjects who did not (comparison subjects) were treated using the medication fluoxetine. All subjects were evaluated using an A-B open-trial method with 4-month baseline and treatment phases. Seven of the 10 subjects with compulsive behavior disorder responded favorably to fluoxetine treatment; none of the comparison subjects responded favorably to this medication. Further, there appeared to be a relation between manifest motor stereotypies, compulsive behaviors, and response to fluoxetine.

Adult↗