Post-polio syndrome. An emerging threat to polio survivors.
The manifestations of post-polio syndrome typically occur 20 to 40 years after an acute episode of poliomyelitis and are confined to previously affected muscles. Because of motor unit remodeling and direct mechanical damage, weakness increases in individual muscles until it exceeds their narrow margin of reserve and becomes clinically apparent. Although the exact cause is not clear, generalized weakness often occurs when several muscles are affected and various postural limb strategies used by the patient are no longer able to compensate for the loss of muscle strength. The mainstays of treatment are life-style changes to avoid overexertion and use of light-weight orthoses and assistive aids to unload the extremities. Exercise and surgery have a limited role in management.