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Biomedical subjects

J Vilalta

Publications and source records attributed to J Vilalta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination. Validation of the Spanish adaptation].

A neurologist and a psychiatrist diagnosed independently, according to DSM-III-R and ICD-10 criteria, to 15 subjects with dementia, 15 with depression and 15 without any of two previous diagnostics. Later, a psychologist held an interview with them by means of the structured interview CAMDEX. The lump levels of agreement between clinical diagnostic and DSM-III-R diagnostic obtained through CAMDEX is of Kappa = 0.63. These levels are increased to one Kappa = 0.76 if we compare the clinical diagnostic with CAMDEX diagnostic according to the ICD-10. On the other hand, we value the outputs of some instruments that are included in the CAMDEX: Mini Examen Cognoscitivo, Mini-Mental State, CAMCOG, Organicity Scale, Blessed Scale and Depressión Scale.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination. Study of interobserver reliability].

Three teams formed by psychologists with experience in the administration of structured interviews evaluated by the CAMDEX (The Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination) in a sample of 41 patients for the interrater reliability study. While a psychologist interview patient, the other one observes each patient. The CAMDEX were completed independently by each of the examiners. The results demonstrate an elevated level agreement both for the different scales (p less than 0.001) and for the different diagnostic criteria employed by the CAMDEX (kappa = 0.88 for the DSM-III-R and Kappa = 1 for the ICD-10).

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Diffuse axonal injury after severe head trauma. A clinico-pathological study.

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) is a well known entity that affects many patients with severe head trauma. Classically DAI has been considered the pathological substrate of those cases rendered unconscious at the moment of impact and in which the CT scan does not show mass lesions. Diffuse axonal damage is almost always related to mechanisms of injury in which the rotational acceleration produces shear and tensile strains of high magnitude. In this paper we present a group of 24 patients with a severe head injury in whom the postmortem examination demonstrated unequivocal signs of DAI. Widespread axonal retraction balls, located preferentially in the centrum semiovale and internal capsule were the most constant histological finding. We divided the entire series into two subgroups. One group (15 cases), included all the patients in whom the CT scan did not demonstrate mass lesions. In the second group (9 patients) we considered patients with a diffuse axonal injury in whom the CT scan additionally demonstrated a mass lesion (6 acute subdural haematomas, 2 intracerebral and 1 extradural haematoma). The mean age of the entire group was 26 years. Twenty two patients were injured in a road traffic accident, the remaining two fell from a considerable height. All were rendered immediately unconscious on impact. Diffuse brain damage is a common finding in patients with a severe head injury and immediate coma in whom the CT scan does not show mass lesions. Diffuse axonal injury can also appear in connection with a wide spectrum of focal lesions (acute subdural haematoma, basal ganglia haematoma etc.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Spontaneous cerebellar hematoma. Analysis of 23 cases].

A series of 23 patients with spontaneous cerebellar hematoma is analysed retrospectively. Several degrees of consciousness impairment, and headache occurred in all; 12 patients presented motor deficits among the more important clinical signs. Arterial hypertension (69.5%) and diabetes (34%) stand out in the pathological background, and their association was frequent (30%). Computerized tomography (CT) disclosing severe ventricular dilatation (69.5%) associated or not with intraventricular presence of blood is considered as an unsatisfactory prognosis sign, and indicative for emergency therapy. Emergency external ventricular draining is the best indication for the majority of these cases. Posterior fossa craniectomy for emptying the hematoma may be the indication in severe cases. Death and morbidity in this pathology are high as yet. However, CT contribution for diagnosis is quicker and better than benefits obtained through other methods. Results observed in the present series are illustrative on this statement, when compared to data of other series diagnosed through other methods.

Adult↗