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Biomedical subjects

J Viikari

Publications and source records attributed to J Viikari.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Serum lipids in soccer and ice-hockey players.

The concentrations of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids of Finnish top-class football and ice-hockey players were determined during different training programs and the results were compared with those of a control group. The serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol were increased to those football players having more aerobic exercise in their training program. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and the HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio were lowest in the ice-hockey players, whose training is more anaerobic. There were no significant differences of serum triglyceride levels in different groups. The serum concentrations of fatty acids were highest in control group and lowest in ice-hockey and football teams during the active playing season. The differences of serum lipids seem thus to be in connection with the kinds of sport that differ in their energy metabolism requirements. This may be of importance when judging the benefit of exercise on the prophylaxis of atherosclerosis.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1980

Marked decrease in serum HDL cholesterol level during acute myocardial infarction.

The concentrations of serum total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in 57 patients during the course of AMI. In seven days the concentration of serum cholesterol decreased by 24% and that of HDL cholesterol by 31%. The mean HDL/total cholesterol ratio decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) from 0.163 to 0.145. The magnitude of the change in both HDL and total cholesterol showed a positive correlation with infarction size. The concentration of triglycerides decreased in seven days on the average by 31% but there was great individual variation, which was not dependent on infarction size. Four months after infarction both HDL and total cholesterol as well as triglyceride concentrations had returned to the initial levels. There was a significant negative correlation between the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides on admission (r = -0.66) and after four months (r = -0.53) but no correlation after seven days. The results indicate that the determination of serum lipids, including HDL cholesterol, in patients with AMI can, and should be performed on admission to hospital and not at the time of discharge, in order to get reliable estimates of these cardiovascular risk factors.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1980

Synovial fluid lipids in rheumatoid arthritis.

Synovial fluid from the inflamed knee joints of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contained 2.75 +/- 0.81 mmol/l cholesterol (51% of the corresponding mean serum level) and 0.32 +/- 0.13 mmol/l triglycerides (35% of the corresponding mean serum level). The ratio of synovial fluid triglycerides to cholesterol indicates that in RA the concentration of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) is lower in synovial fluid than in serum. In a few patients, however, the "relative triglyceride concentration" in synovial fluid (i.e. synovial fluid tg/chol:serum tg/chol) was greater than 1. This concentration did not correlate, moreover, with the clinical activity of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Massive cutaneous hyalinosis. A newly recognized disease.

A disease characterized by massive tumorous cutaneous hyalinosis has been studied histologically, immunologically, and biochemically. The precipitated hyalin material differed from amyloid in being Congo-red-negative and ultrastructurally nonfibrillary. In lipoid proteinosis, massive hyalin deposits have not been encountered and the clinical course is distinct from the course of massive cutaneous hyalinosis. The clinical and histologic pictures of both adult and juvenile forms of colloid milium differed from that found in our patient, although the colloid milium in adult form is ultrastructurally also nonfibrillary like the hyalin from our patient. A strong humoral immune response to components of the cytoskeleton of fibroblasts and especially to keratin was found in our patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Serum lipoprotein composition, hormones, and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by human aortic smooth muscle cells.

The synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) by cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) was measured in the presence of human sera with high LDL-cholesterol concentration (type IIA hyperlipoproteinemic patients) or high HDL-cholesterol concentration (marathon runners and lumberjacks). In addition, the effect of some hormones on GAG-synthesis was studied. As compared to normolipidemic controls, type IIA hyperlipoproteinemic sera decreased markedly the synthesis of HA without affecting the synthesis of S-GAGs. On the contrary, sera with high HDL-cholesterol concentration decreased the synthesis of S-GAGs causing a decrease in S-GAGs/HA ratio. Cortisol in concentrations slightly above the physiological level inhibited the synthesis of HA and increased the S-GAGs/HA ratio. Insulin, and interestingly also sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) had no clear effect on GAG-synthesis. It is known that there is an increased S-GAGs/HA ratio in early atherosclerotic lesions. Our results suggest that the determination of this ratio in SMC cultures provides an useful method of studying the atherogenity and antiatherogenity of various sera and hormones.

Aorta↗
PubMed1979

High density lipoproteinemia due to vigorous physical work inhibits the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by human aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.

The effect of sera from normolipidemic men engaging in normal physical activity and from high density lipoproteinemic lumberjacks engaging in vigorous physical activity on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by human aortic smooth muscle cells in culture was measured. At high concentration (15%) high density lipoproteinemic serum inhibited significantly (P less than 0.001) the incorporation of thymidine. The serum inhibited the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans at all concentrations tested (1--15%) with the most marked inhibition at 10 and 15%. At lower concentrations (1--5%) the inhibition was more pronounced for sulphated glycosaminoglycans than for hyaluronic acid. The inhibition was of the same magnitude for the subclasses (chondroitin, dermatan and heparan sulphates) of sulphated glycosaminoglycans studied. High density lipoproteinemia due to vigorous physical work is postulated as a protective factor against the early biochemical reactions of arterial smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Long-term effect of the combination of calcium clofibrate and calcium carbonate on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein--cholesterol concentrations in hyperlipoproteinaemia. A comparative study with clofibrate.

Thirty hyperlipidaemic patients (19 with type IIA, 4 with IIB and 7 with type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia) were subjected to therapy with calcium clofibrate and calcium carbonate (4C, 2 + 2 g/day for 6 months) and the effect was compared with clofibrate (1C, 2 g/day) which was given for 6 months as well, in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. 4C and 1C decreased total serum cholesterol levels especially in subgroups IIA and IIB. 4C was somewhat more effective than 1C in decreasing (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol in subgroup IIA. The HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol increased during treatment with both 1C and 4C. The HDL-cholesterol increase (vs. placebo) was 18%. The concentrations of serum triglycerides decreased by 33% during both treatment periods and there was no significant difference between 1C and 4C.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Long-term effect of sotalol on plasma lipids.

1. We studied the effect on plasma lipids of sotalol given orally over a 12 month period to patients with essentially hypertension. 2. Plasma free fatty acid concentration was lower than initially at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The difference was significant (P less than 0.01) at 1 and 3 months. 3. Plasma cholesterol (VLDL + LDL-cholesterol) increased during treatment. Plasma total cholesterol increased from 5.49 +/- SD 0.94 mmol/l at the beginning to 6.37 +/- 1.10 mmol/l at 12 months (P less than 0.01). 4. HDL-cholesterol concentration and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol decreased significantly. The ratios were 0.28 and 0.18 at the beginning and at 12 months respectively (P less than 0.001). 5. Plasma triglycerides increased simultaneously from 1.14 +/- 0.31 to 1.89 +/- 0.99 mmol/l (P less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Meal induced increase in serum triglycerides has no effect on lymphocyte response to mitogens.

The effect of a standardized heavy meal on the lymphocyte transformations induced by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and PPD tuberculin was studied. The meal significantly increased the serum triglycerides (P less than 0.01), while it had no effect on cholesterol or high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The increase in serum triglycerides did not affect lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A in whole blood microcultures. A slight decrease was observed when lymphocytes were stimulated with one out of three concentrations of PPD tuberculin (P less than 0.05). However, there was no correlation with the increase of triglycerides and decrease in lymphocyte transformation. Our observation shows that physiological changes in serum triglycerides do not affect the capacity of lymphocytes to respond to mitogenic stimulation, and the whole blood micromethod for lymphocyte stimulation to screen the capacity of cell-mediated immunity does not depend on the meal schedule of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Rapid increase of glycosaminoglycans in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rats; a negative correlation with plasma HDL concentration.

Rats were kept either on a standard laboratory diet or a high cholesterol, olive oil diet for periods ranging from 1 day to 22 weeks. The effect of the high cholesterol, olive oil diet on the concentrations of cholesterol, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen in aortic intima-media, were studied and the developing hyperlipidemia was characterized. The concentration of cholesterol in rat aorta was increased after 22 weeks' high cholesterol, olive oil diet, while collagen concentration was not affected. On the contrary, the concentration of aortic sulphated GAGs was significantly increased already after one week's high cholesterol, olive oil diet. The diet increased the formation of a cholesterol-rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated cholesterol and phospholipids, but had virtually no effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL)-lipids. The concentrations of VLDL-cholesterol and -phospholipids showed positive correlations with the concentration of aortic GAGs (r = 0.89 and 0.83, respectively, P less than 0.05 for both). Stronger (negative) correlations were found between aortic GAGs and HDL-cholesterol and -phospholipids (r = 0.94 for both, P less than 0.01) suggesting that HDL may have a role in the control of arterial sulphated GAG concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of sera from hyperlipidemic subjects and high-density lipoproteinemic runners on the synthesis of DNA and glycosaminoglycans by cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells.

Effects of hyperlipidemic, normolipidemic and high-density-lipoproteinemic (HD lipoproteinemic) sera from active runners were studied on cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells. The synthesis of DNA, hyaluronic acid and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the presence of the various sera was measured by the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine and [3H]-glucosamine. The HD lipoproteinemic sera from runners stimulated the synthesis of DNA and sulphated GAGs less than normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic sera. The hyperlipidemic sera stimulated the synthesis of DNA slightly more than the other sera, but only after a 24 h preincubation. Accordingly, the concentration of HDL-cholesterol in serum was negatively correlated with the synthesis of DNA (r = -0.77, P less than 0.01) and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (r = -0.81, P less than 0.01). The sulphated GAGs/hyaluronate ratio was smaller in the presence of HD lipoproteinemic serum as compared with the other sera. The proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and the rate at which they synthesize sulphated GAGs have been considered important during the initiation of atherosclerosis in vivo. The present results suggest that sera having differences in the relative amounts of various lipoprotein fractions differ significantly in their influence on both of these arterial smooth muscle cell functions in vitro.

Aorta↗
PubMed1979

Plasma lipids on chronic uraemic and transplantation patients.

We studied the concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in the plasma in renal (n = 48) patients. In undialyzed uraemic patients (mean serum creatinine value 439 mumol/l) the plasma cholesterol level was somewhat higher (6.47 mmol/l) than in the control (n = 27) group (5.67 mmol/l). HCL-cholesterol was lower (1.02 mmol/l vs 1.49 mmol/l) and the triglycerides higher (2.07 mmol/l vs 1.07 mmol/l) than in the control group. In dialyzed patients the cholesterol level (5.88 mmol/l) was lower but the triglyceride level higher (2.58 mmol/l) than in undialyzed patients. Renal transplantation corrected the lipid variables to a certain degree (plasma cholesterol 5.55 mmol/l, plasma HDL-cholesterol 1.27 mmol/1 plasma triglycerides 1.15 mmol/l) but HDL-cholesterol remained still somewhat lower than in the control group. No "critical level" of renal function at which the changes of lipoprotein metabolism arise, could be demonstrated, and it seems that e.g. HDL-cholesterol is low already when the diagnosis of renal insufficiency is made.

Adolescent↗