Comparative investigation of epidermal markers on cells freshly isolated from from normal and wart epidermis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Antigens, Viral↗
Biomedical subjects
J Viac
Publications and source records attributed to J Viac.
Keratins in malignant mesotheliomas and pleural adenocarcinomas: comparative immunohistochemical analysis with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.
The distribution of intra-cellular keratins was studied in normal pleural mesothelium, malignant mesotheliomas and adenocarcinomas. This study was performed on deparaffinized sections of tissue fixed in Bouin's solution by indirect immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody (KL1) and a conventional keratin antiserum (AKS). Discrepancies were detected using one antibody or the other. Cells from normal mesothelium and 18 cases of malignant mesotheliomas (papillary, tubulary, solid epithelial type) were strongly labelled only by KL1. The 2 cases of sarcomatoid type were negative with both antibodies. In contrast 5 metastatic adenocarcinomas and 5 lung adenocarcinomas were weakly positive or negative with both antibodies. These data confirm the presence of cytokeratins in epithelial differentiation process. Although a clear-cut distinction between mesotheliomas and adenocarcinomas was not possible using these keratin antibodies. Our data point out the importance of reactivity pattern of the antibody used in such investigations.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Fusion of human keratinocytes with mouse fibroblasts: a model for keratinization study.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Monoclonal anti thymic cell antibodies detecting epidermal cells.
Two monoclonal antibodies were obtained from a fusion following immunization with human thymic cells. BL6 reacted with an antigen present on 80% of thymocytes found in the cortex, but absent from all other circulating or non circulating T or B lymphocytes. It immunoprecipitated an antigen of 49 Kd heavy chain with a small 12 Kd subunit. BL6 also reacted with dendritic cells of the epidermis identified as Langerhans cells carrying histocompatibility class II antigens and possessing Birbeck granules. The second antibody, BL7, did not stain thymocytes, but reacted with a cytoplasmic antigen of certain thymic epithelial cells. In skin sections, BL7 detected a cytoplasmic antigen of the keratinocytes of the basal cell layer. These cross reactivities between skin and thymic cells are discussed in view of a possible functional similarity between the two tissues.
Adult↗
[Interspecies somatic hybrid cultures from human epidermal cells and 3T3-4E mouse fibroblasts].
Interspecific somatic hybrids were obtained by fusion of adult human epidermal cells with Mouse fibroblasts 3T3-4E, deficient in thymidine kinase. These hybrids were identified by their morphology and by the presence of markers from the parental cells. Some characters of keratinocytes such as keratin subunits 50 and 51 K were present in primary cultures and disappeared after serial passages, whereas bullous pemphigoid basement membrane zone antigens persisted for at least 20 passages. At the 7th passage, a metacentric chromosome, and more often a submetacentric chromosome, presumably of human origin, were observed in some cells.
Animals↗
[Antigens recognised by monoclonal anti-lymphocyte antibodies can have unexpected tissue localizations].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Keratin polypeptide profile in psoriatic epidermis normalized by treatment with etretinate (aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359).
The variations in the expression of epidermal keratins occurring during retinoid therapy were studied in patients with psoriasis before and during oral administration of etretinate (aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359) and compared with normal epidermis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis densitometric readings were performed on keratins extracted from epidermal cells obtained through trypsinization of skin specimens. Epidermal cells were also tested by immunofluorescence (IF) for the presence of BMZ antigens as markers of basal cells and for the presence of TK and KP (67 K, 63 K, and 55 K) with sera with antibodies against BMZ antigens and specific antisera for TK and KP. In psoriasis-involved epidermis, SDS-PAGE anaLysis showed lower amounts of 67 K and increased amounts of 63 K and 55 K, as compared with normal epidermis. Low proportions of cells expressing by IF the 67 K and the 63 K were also noted, with a defective expression of these two KP by suprabasal keratinocytes in psoriasis-involved epidermis. During etretinate administration, a return toward the normal electrophoretic pattern and a correction of the defective cellular expression of these two KP were obtained parallel with clinical improvement. These findings indicate the presence in involved psoriatic epidermis of a population of suprabasal keratinocytes that do not express the high-molecular-weight KP and show a normalization of the relative proportions of the KP with etretinate.
Adolescent↗
T-cell subsets and Langerhans cells in wart lesions.
The presence of T-lymphocytes and Langerhans cells was assessed on tissue sections of 28 human warts from various localizations and in normal epidermis by indirect immunofluorescence using specific monoclonal antibodies. In most cases, the density of Langerhans cells was dramatically reduced in wart epidermis as compared to normal epidermis and a mild cellular infiltrate could be noted. In some lesions, OKT4 and OKT8 cell populations were present and the number of Langerhans cells was high both in dermis and epidermis. These data are compatible with the role of Langerhans cells and the existence of a local cellular immune reaction in human papilloma virus-infected tissues. No correlation could yet be established with the virus type on the skin localization.
Adolescent↗
Reactivity pattern of a monoclonal antikeratin antibody (KL1).
A monoclonal antibody against keratins (KL1) from normal human stratum corneum was obtained using hybridoma techniques. Spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice were fused with NS1, a mouse myeloma cell line, to produce hybrids. Antibody activity to epidermal keratins was tested using an indirect immunofluorescence test on cryostat sections of human epidermis and rabbit lip. A stable clone producing antikeratin antibody was isolated and an ascitic fluid was produced and used as a source of antibody (IgG1 kappa). KL1 was characterized by its immunohistochemical staining of various epithelia and by its recognition of 55-57 kilodalton (kd) keratin polypeptide from normal epidermis using the immunoblot technique. Frozen and deparaffinized sections of normal human epidermis, mucosa, and esophagus were stained by this antibody only in the upper cell layers as demonstrated by both indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Approximatively 80% of normal keratinocytes isolated after trypsinization were labeled by KL1 whereas most negative cells showed basement membrane zone antigens. This confirmed differences in the expression of medium-sized polypeptides between basal and supra-basal cells during the course of human epidermal differentiation. All epithelial cells from other human epithelia (thymus, thyroid, bronchial mucosa, stomach, intestines) were positive with KL1 whereas nonepithelial cells and tissues did not show any staining. In view of these results KL1 promises to be a useful tool in the exploration of human epithelial differentiation.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
A new way to evaluate the germinative compartment in human epidermis, using [3H]thymidine incorporation and immunoperoxidase staining of 67 K polypeptide.
We have used tritiated thymidine (3HT) labelling and immunoperoxidase staining of 67 K polypeptide in human epidermis to study normal skin before and after irritation induced by application of croton oil (20% and 50% in olive oil). By this double labelling method, it was possible to identify, on the same skin section, DNA-synthesizing nuclei and epidermal cells which contained 67 K polypeptide. Our results clearly indicate that the germinative compartment of normal epidermis is a mixed population comprising basal and adjacent suprabasal cells; as a rule, absence of expression of 67 K polypeptide, which characterizes all basal cells, could not be regarded as a good marker to distinguish the germinative from the differentiating compartments. In mild primary irritation, the ratio of 3HT-labelled undifferentiated cells to keratinizing ones was similar to that observed in normal epidermis. In severe irritation, this homeostatic process was altered, as 3HT-labelled cells were mainly 67 K negative.
Aged↗
Thymoma and lupus erythematosus. Report of 3 cases.
This paper reports three cases of lupus erythematosus (LE) associated with thymomas, all of which were discovered after the onset of LE. The diagnosis of LE was established by clinical and laboratory data. Histologically, the thymomas were of the three main types: epithelial, lympho-epithelial, and predominantly fusiform. In two cases, thymectomy did not modify the course of LE; in one vase, the absence of cytoplasmic secretory vesicles in the epithelial cells and the non-labelling of these cells by an antiserum thymic factor monoclonal antibody represented direct evidence of a functional thymus deficiency. Antikeratin antibodies were used to distinguish thymomas from lymphomas; epithelial thymomas exhibited the same keratin specificities as normal thymus, although the labelling pattern (net-like) was different. Labelling of epidermis with the same antiserum confirmed the theory of an epidermis-thymus relationship.
Aged↗
[Clear cell acanthoma. Ultrastructural and immunohistological study].
We report a new case of a clear-cell acanthoma with an unusual location (para-anal), which was studied by electronmicroscopic and immuno-histological methods, using monoclonal antibodies. The results of this study showed that: a) the inflammatory cellular infiltrate comprised a small number of T-suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes and a small number of Langerhans cells, b) Langerhans cells were present in the affected epidermis in reduced numbers (2.2 p. 100) when compared to normal epidermis (4-6 p. 100), c) there was a disorder of both keratinization and epidermal differentiation as was shown by the abnormal reactivity of the tumor to monoclonal antibodies KL1 and BL7, d) human papilloma viruses do not seem to be involved in the genesis of the tumour, e) tumoral cells did not show (secretory) eccrine differentiation, f) the pemphigus antigen was present in the intercellular space of the affected epidermis.
Anal Canal↗
Intracellular keratins in normal and pathological bronchial mucosa. Immunocytochemical studies on biopsies and cell suspensions.
The distribution of intracellular keratins was investigated in normal bronchial epithelium and in several morphologically distinct forms of respiratory tract carcinomas. This study was performed with two different experimentally produced antisera against normal human stratum corneum keratin and against keratin protein of MW 67,000 dalton, using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods on tissue sections and cell suspensions. In normal bronchial epithelium, the basal cells were strongly labelled by both antisera. The ciliated columnar cells appeared devoid of cytokeratins in tissue sections but were strongly labelled with both antisera in cell suspensions. The goblet cells remained negative in every case. In squamous metaplasia of the bronchus, all epithelial cells were unevenly stained with both antisera. Among tumours, only the squamous cell carcinomas were strongly labelled by both antisera. Primary lung adenocarcinoma appeared weakly positive, whereas metastatic lung carcinomas, undifferentiated lung carcinomas, oat cell tumours, carcinoid tumours were negative. The immunocytochemical determination of keratins appeared to be of value in the study of normal and abnormal epithelial differentiation, in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinomas and in their distinction from metastatic tumours of the lung.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Expression of common cytoplasmic antigens by epithelial cells of thymus and epidermis.
The expression of common cytoplasmic antigens by thymic epithelial cells and keratinocytes was analyzed by immunolabelling on cryostat sections of human and animal thymus and epidermis. Experimental sera to human epidermal keratin subunits of molecular weight (MW) 67 K, 63 K and 55 K were used, as well as human sera with antibodies to epidermal cytoplasmic antigens (KCA), reacting either with U-Cyt antigens expressed by cells from the upper compartment of the epidermis or with BLC antigens in cells from the basal layer. It was demonstrated that keratin subunits of MW 67 K and 63 K were detected only in the upper layers of human epidermis, whereas 55 K was present in all epidermal layers. On rabbit lip a labelling was obtained throughout the epidermis by the three immune sera. On thymus sections a cytoplasmic staining of epithelial cells was observed with the three immune sera, suggesting an antigenic similarity between cytokeratins of thymus epithelial cells and keratins of the upper layers of human epidermis. Two human sera with U-Cyt antibodies and one with BCL antibodies labelled human thymic epithelial cells but were negative with mice thymus. Ten other sera with KCA were negative on both thymus. These results show that the expression of keratins and cytoplasmic antigens, defined by human KCA, differed in immunofluorescence on normal human epidermis, rabbit lip and thymic epithelial cells. These suggests a heterogeneity among human keratinocyte cytoplasmic antigens defined by KCA and the presence in man of common antigenic constituents from keratins in epidermal cells and thymic epithelial cells.
Animals↗
Comparative investigation of keratin-filaments in normal tissues and tumours of skin, oral mucosa, salivary glands and thymus.
Antibodies against different fractions of keratins can be helpful in various fields of special pathology. Antibodies against "small" and "large" keratins permit to evaluate epithelial maturation in skin and oral mucosa. In addition, disturbances of keratinization during inflammatory processes and malignant transformation can be analyzed. The main application of antibodies against the entire fractions of keratins is the detection of the epithelial nature of a neoplasm. By this tool, particular problems in surgical pathology concerning differential diagnosis can be handled in an easier way. Among the different tissues and their neoplasms, examples of the analysis of thymus tumours and salivary gland tumours are presented. Immunoreactivity with keratin antibodies depends crucially on tissue processing. In the normal diagnostic procedure, good results are regularly obtained if cryostat or Bouin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections are used.
Adenoma↗
Cell-mediated immunity in wart infection.
The role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in wart infection was demonstrated. The correlation with humoral immunity was also suggested. Patients with cell-mediated immune deficiency were found to be more susceptible to wart infection than those with humoral immune deficiency.
Animals↗
Cytokeratins in human basal and squamous cell carcinomas: biochemical, immunohistological findings and comparisons with normal epithelia.
The nature of epithelial cell cytokeratins from epidermal basal cell carcinomas (BCC) (8 cases) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (5 cases) was investigated by biochemical and immunological analysis. Cytokeratin proteins were extracted with high salt buffer and triton X 100 and were comparatively analyzed by SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both types of tumor showed either an absence or a very low amount (5% of the total protein) of the major protein band (MW 67000) present in normal human epidermis. This correlated well with results of immunolabelling showing that 67000 keratin antisera, only reacted with some dyskeratotic cells in sections of these tumors. Gel electrophoresis showed in BCC and SCC, three distinct groups of predominant polypeptide bands of apparent relative MW: (1) 60-62000 (2) 54-56000 and (3) 49000, representing respectively about 43.0%, 31.0% and 20.4% of the total proteins. Antibodies raised in animals against polypeptide bands C1 (MW 62000), C2 (MW 56000) and C3 (MW 49000) from SCC, strongly labelled (indirect immunofluorescence) all malignant cells present in the 2 kinds of tumors. These antisera showed a preferential reaction with the basal epithelial cells, in sections of human and animal epidermis and mucosa thus, suggesting numerous common antigenic determinants between epithelial cells from diverse origins. On the other hand, strong differences between mucosal and epidermal upper layers were noted with C1, C2, C3 and 67000 antisera. These results are further evidence for the existence of different pathways of keratinization in epidermis and mucosa.
Animals↗
[Monoclonal antibodies (BL7 and BL9) having crossed reactivity with cells of the human epidermis].
The relationships between epithelial cells and immunocompetent cells could be approached by studying of the common antigens expressed by these two cell types. This paper reports the study of two monoclonal antibodies (BL7 and BL9) which react with epidermal cells. BL7 was obtained after immunization of mice with human thymic cell suspensions and BL9, after immunization with Raji cells. BL7 stained the epithelial network of the thymus and the basal cell layer of the epidermis. BL7 also reacted with the endothelial cells of the vessels of the dermis. This reactivity against the basal cell layer of the epidermis was observed in man, mice and rabbit. BL9 showed a reactivity against thymic epithelial cells and stained the membrane of the keratinocytes of the human epidermis. The antigenic expression revealed by BL9 decreased during the epidermal cell differentiation and disappeared in the horny layer. BL9 showed no reactivity with the epidermis of mice and rabbit. These two monoclonal antibodies are new tools in cutaneous immunopathology: BL7 is the first monoclonal experimental marker which identifies the basal cells of the epidermis, BL9 identifies an antigen related to the human epidermal cell differentiation.
Animals↗