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Biomedical subjects

J Vercruysse

Publications and source records attributed to J Vercruysse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Observations on parasitic gastroenteritis and parasitic bronchitis in calves over two grazing seasons.

Two outbreaks of parasitic gastroenteritis were observed in a group of 10 first-season grazing calves, one in mid-July and one in mid-September. In both cases emergency anthelmintic treatment was needed to prevent further damage. Severe clinical signs were observed together with high faecal egg counts and high serum pepsinogen and gastrin concentrations. Low total protein and albumin concentrations were also observed, especially during the second outbreak. The ostertagia antibody levels followed a similar pattern to the serum pepsinogen and gastrin concentrations. At the end of the housing period a mild type II ostertagiasis was observed. In the second grazing season the heifers did not show any signs of parasitic gastroenteritis, but there was a serious outbreak of husk which required treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiology, chemotherapy, anthelmintics-resistance and prevention of Strongylidae infections in horses].

The epidemiology, chemotherapy and control of strongylus infections in the horse are discussed. The annual cycle of various species are stated. In addition the anthelmintics available for treatment and control and the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance are referred to. Finally the options for control under various management conditions (little if any grazing; extensive grazing; intensive grazing) are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Sarcoptic mite hypersensitivity: a cause of dermatitis in fattening pigs at slaughter.

The prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei in pigs in the Netherlands, and the causal relationship between infestation and dermatitis in fattening pigs were assessed in a survey in 1988. In the first part of the survey 400 fattening pigs from 88 farms and 200 sows were examined. In the second part of the survey 193 fattening pigs with normal skin and 201 with dermatitis were examined; the dermatitis was characterised by small round, slightly thickened skin lesions, mostly on the rump, flanks, abdomen and buttocks. Ear scrapings were collected from all the animals after slaughter and examined for the presence of sarcoptic mites. In the first part of the survey, 33 (8.25 per cent) of the 400 fattening pigs and nine (4.5 per cent) of the 200 sows were positive for S scabiei. Mange was detected in fattening pigs from 21 (23.9 per cent) of the 88 farms. In the second part of the survey, six (3.1 per cent) of the 193 fattening pigs with normal skin and 30 (14.9 per cent) of the 201 pigs with dermatitis were positive for S scabiei. This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Histological examination of the skin lesions revealed an eosinophilic perivasculitis compatible with an allergic reaction, and consistent with infestation with S scabiei. The results of this survey indicate that mange is common in the Netherlands, and that sarcoptic mite hypersensitivity can be a cause of the skin lesions seen in fattening pigs at slaughter.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gastro-intestinal nematode infections in a goat breeding farm in north-western Sri Lanka.

Faecal egg counts were used to study patterns of nematode infestation of adult female goats and their offspring according to season, pregnancy and lactation or age on a goat farm (n = 2000) in north-western Sri Lanka. Average rainfall in the area is 825 mm and temperature is between 23 and 33 degrees C throughout the year. The only nematode species present on the farm were Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum columbianum. In adult females the faecal egg output was not influenced by season and no significant periparturient rise was observed. In kids the egg counts rose from the third month of age onwards and reached the same levels as the adults by the fourth month. Post-mortem studies on a neighbouring farm indicated that hypobiosis was not present.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Observations on natural and experimental interactions between Schistosoma bovis and S. curassoni from West Africa.

Surveys of 332 naturally infected bovines at eight abattoirs in Senegal, The Gambia and Mali were carried out to determine the prevalence of infection with Schistosoma bovis and S. curassoni and to pinpoint areas where the distribution of the species overlap. S. bovis was the commonest schistosome of cattle in Senegal and Mali being found in animals at seven abattoirs, the highest prevalence of 85.1% occurred at Mopti in Mali. S. bovis was the only bovine schistosome observed in The Gambia. S. curassoni was isolated from a cow at Bamako and shown to have similar glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and acid phosphatase profiles to those described for a Senegalese isolate. Evidence of interaction of S. bovis with S. curassoni was found in cattle from Senegal, at Tambacounda and Kolda, and from Mali, at Bamako and Mopti. A mixed experimental infection of both species in a sheep showed the lack of any specific mate recognition system: identification of the worms was facilitated by analysis of acid phosphatase by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. Viable hybrid parasites were produced in the laboratory and were maintained up until the F4 generation. Comparisons of egg morphology, surface structure of adult male worms and enzyme profiles have been made between experimental hybrid lines and field isolates. Possible mechanisms maintaining species integrity are discussed.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1990

Pathology of natural infections of Schistosoma spindale Montgomery, 1906, in cattle.

The pathology of natural Schistosoma spindale infections in cattle in Sri Lanka was studied. Hepatic lesions were moderate with periportal cell infiltration and periportal epithelioid cell granulomas within perilobular zones. Submucosal and mucosal granulomas accompanied by cellular changes were present in the small and large intestine. Two unusual observations included the migration of an adult worm from the mesenteric veins to the mucosa of the small intestine in one bull and the presence of epithelioid cell granulomas containing slender living eggs in the urinary bladder of one animal. Intensities of infections, histopathological changes and immunological responses are discussed and comparison is made with other schistosome species.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Is systematic vermifugation of small ruminants in Sahelo-Sudanian Africa against gastrointestinal nematodes still advisable?].

The different aspects of preventive treatments of gastro-intestinal nematodes of small ruminants in the Sahelo-Sudanian zones of Africa are discussed. A better understanding of the epidemiology, the natural development of immunity, the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance and of the socio-economic constraints is required before applying specific control measures for gastro-intestinal nematodes. Meanwhile, in small ruminants, curative rather than preventive treatments should be preconized.

Africa↗
PubMed1990

[Schistosoma species in Senegal with special reference to the biology, epidemiology and pathology of Schistosoma curassoni Brumpt, 1931].

By combining field and experimental investigations, we were able to study several new aspects of fundamental problems concerning human and animal schistosomiasis in Senegal. Because of the controversy about the identity of Schistosoma curassoni and the possibly connected zoonosis, this parasite has been described once more. A great variety of experimental techniques were used. The eggs of S. curassoni are significantly smaller than those of the two other African species of Schistosoma we know of in ruminants (S. bovis and S. mattheei). But eggs of S. curassoni cannot be distinguished from those of the human, pathogenic S. haematobium. The study of the tegument of adult male worms shows a clear difference between S. bovis on one hand, and S. curassoni and S. haematobium on the other hand. S. bovis' tubercles are well formed, but have no stings at all. The tubercles of S. haematobium and of S. curassoni definitely possess stings. S. curassoni, S. haematobium and S. bovis are also clearly different as to their development in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). S. curassoni develops more rapidly and gets bigger than S. bovis and S. haematobium. Finally, different enzymatic systems allow us to distinguish S. curassoni from other schistosoma's of the haematobium group. S. curassoni has a typical pattern for phosphoglucomutase and hexokinase, differing from S. haematobium's patterns. In S. bovis, it differs by the patterns of phosphoglucomutase, glucosephosphate-isomerase, hexokinase and acid phosphatase. Epidemiological studies proved that, in Senegal, Bulinus guernei is the main vector of S. bovis, Bulinus senegalensis of S. haematobium (Northern Senegal) and Bulinus umbilicatus of S. curassoni and S. haematobium (Southern Senegal). There is no indication to consider S. curassoni as a zoonosis. When ruminants are infested by S. curassoni, the symptoms are light and the most important lesions can be found in the liver, the intestines and, in a lesser degree, in the bladder. S. curassoni develops easily in laboratory animals, giving severe lesions in liver and bowels. That makes it an interesting new model for studying the pathogenesis of schistosomes of the haematobium group and the action of new anthelmintics to be used against them.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Experimental chemotherapy of Schistosoma curassoni in mice.

Mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma curassoni were treated with different dose regimens of praziquantel, metrifonate, oxamniquine and hycanthone. Praziquantel was the most effective drug; a dose of 100 mg/kg given orally for 5 days resulted in a 95% reduction in worm burdens. The drug produced oogram changes in all animals. Metrifonate did not result in a reduced worm burden but caused oogram changes even on a low-dose (150 mg/kg during 2 consecutive days) schedule. Oxamniquine proved to be ineffective; no reduction in worm burdens or alterations in oograms were observed. Hycanthone (80 mg/kg for 1 day) resulted in a significant reduction in worm burdens.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mammomonogamus laryngeus (Railliet, 1899) infections in cattle from Sri Lanka.

During one year 1249 male cattle were examined for Mammomonogamus laryngeus infections in the slaughterhouse at Kandy, Sri Lanka. The overall prevalence was 40% with only light monthly variations (34 to 52%). The infection rate was highest (47%) in 2 to 2.5 year old animals. In infected animals an average of 6.4 parasite pairs was found with higher numbers in older animals. The majority of worms were located on the posterior side of the epiglottis. Lesions observed were mucosal plugs at the site where the parasites were attached to the mucosa and moderate to severe erosions and ulcers in other zones.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

The prevalence and pathology of Schistosoma nasale Rao, 1933 in cattle in Sri Lanka.

During 1987 a total of 1393 cattle was examined for Schistosoma nasale infection at the Kandy slaughterhouse, Sri Lanka. The overall prevalence was 12.6% (monthly range 3-17%). Based on the appearance of macroscopic lesions, 6 types (0-5) were recognized; type 5 being the most severe, with cauliflower-like growths obstructing the nasal cavity. Older bovines with 8 permanent incisors were more heavily infected (29.1%) than younger ones with no permanent incisors (6.0%). The severity of the lesions increased also with the age of the animals. Observations on the localization of the lesions showed that the first sessile nodular areas appear on the medial septum, on the dorsal edge of the ventral nasal concha and on the lateral wall of the middle meatus of the nasal cavity. Later, they gradually spread over the whole mucosal surface of the anterior part of the cavity but were rarely found further than 10 cm posterior to the nasal opening. The histopathology showed that granuloma formation due to the presence of eggs was the most common feature of the respiratory mucosa.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1989

The prevalence and identity of Sarcocystis cysts in cattle in Belgium.

Muscle tissue from the oesophagus, diaphragm and heart of 100 cattle slaughtered in Belgium was examined for Sarcocystis infection by microscopic examination of tissue and artificial digestion. Intact sarcocysts or cystozoietes were recovered from 97% of the cattle examined. There was a difference in sensitivity between the method (digestion or histology) used and the muscle processed. The digestion of the oesophagus muscle resulted in the highest number of positive animals whereas the heart muscles contained most cysts during histological examination. Thin-walled cysts were recovered from all positive animals especially in the heart and they were indistinguishable from those of S. cruzi. Thick-walled cysts were recovered from 56% of animals but these could not be identified as S. hirsuta and/or S. hominis on morphological grounds. A correlation between pathological changes and the infection grade could not be proved.

Animals↗