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Biomedical subjects

J Vatier

Publications and source records attributed to J Vatier.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric pepsin and acid secretion during total parenteral nutrition and constant-rate enteral nutrition in infancy.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and constant rate enteral nutrition (CREN) are widely used: their effects on gastric function, especially pepsin secretion, are unknown. Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated pepsin (BPO, MPO) and acid (BAO, MAO) secretions were measured in three groups of infants: controls (14 infants fed normally), TPN groups (seven infants on TPN), CREN groups (14 infants on CREN). The MAO and MPO of the TPN group were significantly lower than controls (p less than 0.02), and the ratio of pentagastrin-stimulated PO/AO did not change, suggesting a large decrease of acid gastric function in the TPN group. BPO was not different from controls and BAO was significantly higher because of amino acids perfusion. The data for CREN group were not different from those of the control group, despite the fact that 11 infants were on TPN before CREN. These results demonstrate that TPN causes decreases in both acid and pepsin secretions in human infants. When TPN children are placed on CREN, these secretions return to normal.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro evaluation of antacid activity in gastric acid secretion in static and dynamic systems].

A valid in vitro evaluation of antacid capacity should consider: 1) the intragastric pH-range; 2) the antacid mechanism; 3) the dependence of antacid activity from intraluminal flux variations; 4) the interaction between proteins and antacids. Pharmacologically, a static method allows 1) to quantify H+ binding sites at different pH-end points of the titration: pH 3.0, 2.0 and 1.0 and 2) to characterize the antacid mechanism, neutralizing activity and/or buffering capacity. In dynamic conditions, using the "artificial stomach-duodenum" model the antacid-induced resistance to acidification was measured, the antacid mechanisms were characterized in regard to intraluminal gastroduodenal flux variations and the incidence of antacid activity on duodenal pH was evaluated. These procedures were applied to antacid evaluation of proteins, as natural antacids, and of drugs containing aluminium salts alone or combined with magnesium salts. Pharmacologically, antacid drugs exhibited a greater amount of H+ binding sites when titration end-point was pH 1.0 than pH 3.0 corresponding to the development of neutralizing activity and/or buffering capacity. In dynamic conditions, the drugs, like proteins, induced a potent resistance to acidification related to gastric emptying fluxes. Antacid effect was supported by neutralizing activity and/or by buffering capacity. It was prolonged by removal of H+ ions since lagtimes for recovering initial pH were longer than antacid total emptying, the dilution of intragastric content by H+ impoverished secretory flux contributing thus to prevent gastric acidification. At duodenal site, proteins and aluminium-containing antacids induced the same duodenal pH as controls, without antacids, while magnesium-containing antacids increased it.

Antacids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the antacid properties of Gelox in a dynamic milieu using the artificial stomach apparatus].

Gelox antacid activity has been evaluated in a dynamic procedure by using the "artificial stomach" model that mimics both gastric fluxes, gastric secretion and gastric emptying. At time 0, the gastric reservoir has been filled by 100 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution without or with protein, or by 100 ml of human gastric juice (pH 1.1). Gastric secretion was simulated by a constant 3 ml/min flux of HCl solution or of human gastric juice. Gastric emptying fluxes varied from 1.5 to 4.5 ml/min. Gelox addition to 100 ml of 0.1 N HCl or of human gastric juice induced 1) a pH-rise from 1.0 to 4.5-5.8, 2) a buffering capacity close to pH 3.6-4.0 and 3) the consumption of an acid amount between 25 and 50 mmol according to emptying fluxes, for recovering initial pH. In a mixture of HCl 0.1 N and protein extract 1 or 5%, Gelox induced 1) a pH-rise related to the protein concentrations, 2) a buffering capacity close to pH 3.2-3.9 when 1% protein extract has been used, and close to pH 5.0-5.9 with 5% protein extract and 3) a greater acid consumption with 1% than with 5% protein extract. For both protein concentrations, the resistance for recovering the initial pH, expressed as the amount of consumed mmol H+, was therefore less than the sum of individual capacities of proteins and Gelox.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antacids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term efficacy and tolerability of omeprazole in 20 patients with severe Zollinger-Ellison syndrome].

Omeprazole efficacy and tolerance were evaluated in 20 patients with longstanding Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) committed to long-term antisecretory therapy. The study included 13 men and 7 women, aged 53 (30-74) years (median and range). Nineteen patients presented with epigastric pain, 14 with vomiting, and 9 with diarrhea. All patients had gastroduodenal ulcerations, associated with esophagitis in 9 cases. Median and extreme values for basal acid output (BAO) and serum gastrin (SG) levels before omeprazole treatment were 41 (3.7-80) mmol H+/h and 413 (111-11,490) pg/ml, respectively. In 18 patients, omeprazole treatment was initiated because of resistance to H2-antagonists, and in 2 patients because of carbothioamide RP 40749 discontinuation. Initial doses of omeprazole were 60 mg per day in 10 patients and ranged from 80 to 160 mg per day in the others. Esophagogastrectomy was performed in one patient at day 15 because of esophageal stenosis. In the remaining 19 patients, median duration of treatment was 16 (7-54) months and median doses of omeprazole were 70 (20-160) mg per day during the survey. Omeprazole therapy was highly effective in inducing rapid disappearance of clinical abnormalities in 18 of 19 patients. Twenty-two days after initiation of treatment, median BAO was 4 (0-14) mmol/h and ulcerations had healed in 17 of 19 patients. Median BAO was less than 5 mmol/h during follow-up. However, asymptomatic ulcer recurrence was noted in 4 patients, but disappeared quickly after omeprazole doses were increased. Median basal gastrin level was 700 (116-36.625) pg/ml at the least determination and was statistically higher than pretreatment values (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[How to express results of 24-hour gastric pH measurement? Choice of a mode of expression in 27 healthy subjects].

Twenty-four hour intragastric acidity was studied in 27 healthy subjects (mean age = 29 yrs) by continuous recording in standardized conditions. Data obtained were expressed according to several analytical methods as used extensively elsewhere. In our study, there was a wide discrepancy in results from one subject to another. The use of median values of pH was more appropriate than mean values to express half-hour acidity levels for 24 hours. The median value of H+ concentration is recommended as well. The median value of pH varied from 1 to 4.8 with a slight rise during the second half of the night. During the postprandial period, increase of pH values was prolonged over 2 h 30 in 50 p. 100 of subjects. Profile of pH allowed to demonstrate the distribution of pH value without excluding the extreme values. Both periodicity of pH measurement (30 or 60 min) and parameters used to quantify acidity (percentage of time or pH value at or below threshold values) did not modify results. As measured over a 24 hours period, the percentage of time (mean +/- SEM) at or below pH 1.5 and 3.5 was 54 +/- 3 p. 100 and 85 +/- 2 p. 100, respectively. Daytime and night-time profiles were similar. Mean 24 h H+ concentration (mean +/- SEM) was 47 +/- 35 mmol/l, with, once again, similarity between day and night-time values. The mean 24 h pH values underestimated true acidity with respect to median values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Is the reduction of the intragastric output of sialic acid bound to glycoproteins of the mucus an index to its gastric protective effect?].

Basal acid and proteolytic activity as well as sialic acid outputs in gastric juice, considered as markers of mucus glycoproteins erosion, were studied in 26 patients with duodenal ulcer before (D1) and after treatment with Phosphalugel for 4 days (D5). In all 26 patients, Phosphalugel treatment resulted in a greater decrease of proteolytic activity and sialic acid outputs than of acid secretion. In 18 of 26 patients with basal sialic acid outputs greater than 1.000 micrograms/h at D1, acid secretion (p less than 0.05), proteolytic activity and sialic acid outputs (p less than 0.001) were significantly decreased. A significant difference of the slope of the relationships between sialic acid outputs (or concentration) and proteolytic activity outputs (or concentration) was observed at D5 with regard to those obtained at D1. Measurement of sialic acid content in gastric juice could be a tool for the assessment of gastroduodenal protective drugs. The mode of action of Phosphalugel might be related to a reduction of the mucolytic effect of pepsins, a result of an induced cytoprotective process.

Aluminum↗