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Biomedical subjects

J Vandepitte

Publications and source records attributed to J Vandepitte.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Severe respiratory infection with Branhamella catarrhalis in an African child.

A pure growth of Branhamella catarrhalis was obtained from a purulent bronchial exudate in a 28-month-old Rwandese girl, hospitalized for acute inspiratory dyspnoea with fever. The outcome was favourable under treatment with ampicillin, although the isolate was shown to produce a beta-lactamase in vitro.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of severe bacillary dysentery with trimethoprim alone.

Trimethoprim (300 mg twice daily for five days) and co-trimoxazole (two tablets twice daily for five days) were compared as treatment for adult patients with severe shigellosis in Rwanda. Excellent bacteriological and clinical results were obtained with both regimens, with the exception of patients infected with a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Since only 20 patients were investigated, the conclusions of our study do not reach statistical significance. Before recommending trimethoprim as standard therapy for shigellosis, the validity of our results should be tested in a larger trial and the long-term ecological consequences of monotherapy carefully monitored.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Rupture of vascular prosthesis in a patient with Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia.

A case of bacteremia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3, biotype 4, is described in a 79-year-old man with an aortic bifurcation prosthesis. He died, in spite of antibiotics, from massive intraabdominal bleeding at the infected suture site. Yersinia, like Salmonella, seems to have a special affinity for damaged endovascular tissue, although more observations will be needed to support this hypothesis.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Plasmid characterization of drug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae 1 from an epidemic in Central Africa.

A widespread epidemic of severe dysentery in Zaire and neighbouring Central African countries was caused by a multiply drug-resistant strain of Shigella dysenteriae 1. Early isolations were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines (R-type = ACSSuT). Later in the epidemic strains resistant to trimethoprim (Tm) became prevalent and a few strains resistant to kanamycin (K) or nalidixic acid were also isolated. All resistances except nalidixic acid were encoded by plasmids of incompatibility groups X (ACT) or I1 (ACSSuTTm) and the epidemic strain also carried an SSu plasmid and a number of cryptic plasmids. The Inc X plasmid from this epidemic is the same as that in Sh. dysenteriae 1 strains isolated in Somalia in 1976 whereas the epidemic strains from the Shiga outbreaks in Central America, 1969 to 1971, and Sri Lanka, 1979, carried plasmids of group B. This epidemic demonstrates that when a multiresistant strain includes resistance to trimethoprim, nalidixic acid is a suitable alternative therapeutic agent.

Africa, Central↗
PubMed1984

Salmonella infections of the mitral valve and abdominal aorta.

Endocarditis and mycotic aneurysm of the great blood vessels are two serious complications of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis. Two patients are presented, the first with endocarditis due to S. dublin cured by combined treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin, the second with a fatal aneurysm of the aorta caused by Salmonella infantis. Salmonella endocarditis, particularly with left-sided cardiac involvement, has an especially poor prognosis. Survival is rare without surgery. Chemotherapy should consist of a synergistic combination such as ampicillin with an aminoglycoside for a period of 4-6 weeks. Mycotic aneurysm generally results from haematogenous infection of a previously damaged arteriosclerotic vessel. Salmonella spp. cause approximately 20% of all mycotic aneurysms and there is some evidence to suggest that their role is increasing. Repeatedly positive blood cultures in spite of antimicrobial treatment in an elderly patient should raise the suspicion of an endovascular localisation of the infection. Rapid surgical intervention and appropriate chemotherapy are needed before rupture takes place.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Severe multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium systemic infections in Central Africa--clinical features and treatment in a paediatric department.

During a 21-month period, we observed an outbreak of severe systemic infections due to multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium among 66 children in the in-patient Department of Paediatrics of Kigali, Rwanda. These infections were more likely to occur in subjects who had stayed for a long time in the hospital for severe illness and/or malnutrition. The children usually presented first with mild to moderate diarrhoea and fever. Later, sever pulmonary involvement was often noted (rales: 58%; respiratory distress: 42%). Moreover, there were four cases of abscess, three arthritis and one meningitis. Of the 66 children, 48 were treated with cefotaxime. The fatality-rate among this group was 10.4%. The fatality-rate among the 18 other untreated patients was 77.9%, suggesting a high efficiency of cefotaxime against these strains of multiresistant Salm. typhimurium.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea in Central Africa.

Cryptosporidium oocysts were present in 20 (10.4%) of 193 Rwandese children and in 3 (3.0%) of 100 adults with diarrhea. In four of the children and in one adult, Cryptosporidium was associated with other enteric pathogens. The higher incidence of Cryptosporidium in diarrheic children was statistically significant. The parasite was not found in 94 formed stools submitted for parasitological examination. The mean age of the Cryptosporidium-positive children was 13.3 months. In four children, Cryptosporidium was associated with severe malnutrition. All of those required rehydration, and one child died as a direct consequence of severe diarrhea. The three adult patients showed no recognizable immunodeficiency, and their diarrhea resolved spontaneously. Staining with 1% safranin was not only more simple and rapid but also more sensitive than the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique.

Adolescent↗