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Biomedical subjects

J Toupin

Publications and source records attributed to J Toupin.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Training of interviewers in the utilization of standardized questionnaires in psychiatry: studies realized with the Present State Examination (PSE)].

Interview questionnaires offer more validity than self-administered format in exploring psychopathological or psychosocial phenomena of interest in psychiatric research. If used, special care needs to be paid to interviewers' training and ensuring that they maintain their reliability. No widespread training standards exist and each schedule may carry its own procedure. Our aims are to indicate how we trained interviewers with the French version of the Present State Examination (Wing, Cooper and Sartorius, 1974) and how we checked and kept acceptable interraters reliability during one study. We will provide data on the interraters reliability during the training and the study, as well as the test-retest reliability. These results will be used to support some guidelines when using this sort of psychiatric research questionnaires in order to ensure comparability both within the study and between studies.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[PHA transformation of coelomocytes of Lubricus terrestris].

This transformation was studied at various concentrations of PHA and during different periods of incubation. The coelomocytes were separated into adhering and non-adhering cells. The adhering cells were separated into trypsin-sensitive and trypsin-resistant. Results have clearly shown (P less than or equal to 0.01) that the coelomocytes do transform to PHA. Only the trypsin-resistant adhering cells (5-10%) having a high phagocytic activity, were capable of inducing the transformation of the non-adhering coelomocytes. None of these sub-populations of coelomocytes did transform alone. These results reinforce the existence in earthworms of a T-cell like function and perhaps receptors similar to those observed in higher vertebrates and confirm the cooperation of two cell types to achieve this activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multiple sclerosis: a multi-specific immune deficiency disease].

New immunological data (Brit. med. J., 1976, 1, 183-186) lead us to a fundamental reconsideration of the immunopathological concept of multiple sclerosis (MS). The increased incidence of the infection rate during childhood, the low humoral and cell-mediated immune responses towards many bacterial and viral antigens and the presence of these specific immune deficiencies in a group of doubtful MS cases being at the first bout of the disease, led us to consider MS as a multi-specific immune deficiency disease, possibly having its origin in the genes controlling the immune response to these specific antigens. We now consider MS as being the end result of multi-specific immune deficiencies, which would explain the increased incidence of tonsillectomies, appendicectomies and repeated infections during childhood and the presence of numerous small inflammatory and pyrexic processes, often benign, but susceptible to cause in the target tissue--the central nervous tissue--the demyelinization process which could well be not specific at all. This new optic opens the way to the use of different immunotherapy regimens including transfer factor or whole lymphokines, and stimulation of the immune response with immunological adjuvants rather than immunosuppressive agents used during recent years (like steroids, ACTH) which have an antiinflammatory as well as an immunosuppressive function.

Antibody Specificity↗