Monoclonal antibody (mAb) G250 is a well characterized and specific mAb to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The gene G250 was recently cloned and was proved to be homologous to MN/CA9. The G250/MN/CA9 antigen was recently explored as a potential marker for RCC. Flow cytometry (FCM) allows quantitative analysis of cells. The present study describes a flow cytometric method to detect this antigen in human cell lines and in malignant and normal renal tissues. Twelve human carcinoma cell lines (HeLa, Colo205, HT29, BxPC3, OVCAR3, SKOV3, ACHN, A704, CAKI-2, SKRC-59, SKRC-10, and SKRC-52), 10 specimens of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and 38 malignant and 36 adjacent normal renal tissues were studied. The malignant and normal renal tissues were disaggregated mechanically into a single-cell suspension, stained by mAb G250, and analyzed by FCM. All 22 of the clear cell carcinomas, 6 of 8 mixed cell carcinomas, and 3 of 6 granular cell carcinomas were positive for G250/MN/CA9 antigen. SKRC-52 and SKRC-10 were strongly positive for G250/ MN/CA9. The G250/MN/CA9 antigen could also be detected in HeLa, SKOV3, HT29, and A704 cells. One chromophobic, one chromophilic cell carcinoma, the normal renal tissues, and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were considered as negative. Our results further confirmed that the G250/MN/CA9 antigen was an ideal marker for RCC, especially for clear cell carcinomas, and that this antigen was present in several types of malignant cells. FCM may serve as a fast tool of immunocytochemical detection of renal cancer cells. Flow cytometric detection of renal cancer cells by using mAb G250 should be further explored.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Retrospective comparative study of extended nephrectomies by surgery and by retroperitoneal laparoscopy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of radical retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in terms of tolerance, morbidity and oncologic control. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 22 radical nephrectomies have been carried out by retroperitoneal laparoscopy. One surgical conversion has been necessary. This series has been retrospectively compared to 16 radical nephrectomies by open surgery. RESULTS: Both series were comparable. Operative time was not significantly different in the two groups. Blood loss was less with laparoscopic surgery (p < 10-3). We did not see any difference in antalgic consumption during the first post-operative day and in intensive care and hospital stay. Post-operative complications were less in the laparoscopy group (p = 0.04). We observed no death or reccurrence with a mean follow-up of 8.7 months for the laparoscopy group vs 32.2 for the open group. CONCLUSIONS: Radical retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy is a recent surgical technique which has the same oncologic standards as open surgery. Blood loss and post-operative complications are significantly reduced. Survival needs to be evaluated on long term follow-up.

Female↗

PubMed2001

[Activity of the autonomous nervous system measured based on the variability of heart rate in female urinary incontinence].

OBJECTIVES: To compare the ANS activity, measured by heart rate variability (HRV) in various types of female urinary incontinence (UI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 25 patients were included in this prospective study: 11 presented stress UI without sphincter incompetence, 9 presented mixed UI and 5 presented urge UI. UI without idiopathic detrusor instability (IDI) (n = 11) was compared to UI with IDI (N = 14.). No statistically significant difference was observed for mean age of the patients in the two groups. A 24-hour Holter ECG, under the conditions of the patient's everyday life, provided time and frequency indices (Fourier transform) of HRV, reflecting the sympathetic, parasympathetic and global ANS activity. RESULTS: The global ANS activity of the patients with either mixed UI, urge UI or UI with IDI, was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of patients with stress UI. The sympathetic-vagal balance, heart rate, blood pressure, and Ditrovie score were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study shows that IDI is associated with a global reduction of ANS activity compared to that of patients without IDI. Modifications of sympathetic, parasympathetic and global ANS activity were also observed between the various types of female UI.

Autonomic Nervous System↗

PubMed2001

[Androgen treatment of erectile problems].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Androgens↗

PubMed2000

[Four well-wrapped kidneys].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Dodecylphosphocholine micelles as a membrane-like environment: new results from NMR relaxation and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement analysis.

To further examine to what extent a dodecyl-phosphocholine (DPC) micelle mimics a phosphatidylcholine bilayer environment, we performed 13C, 2H, and 31P NMR relaxation measurements. Our data show that the dynamic behavior of DPC phosphocholine groups at low temperature (12 degrees C) corresponds to that of a phosphatidylcholine interface at high temperature (51 degrees C). In the presence of helical peptides, a PMP1 fragment, or an annexin fragment, the DPC local dynamics are not affected whereas the DPC aggregation number is increased to match an appropriate area/volume ratio for accommodating the bound peptides. We also show that quantitative measurements of paramagnetic relaxation enhancements induced by small amounts of spin-labeled phospholipids on peptide proton signals provide a meaningful insight on the location of both PMP1 and annexin fragments in DPC micelles. The paramagnetic contributions to the relaxation were extracted from intra-residue cross-peaks of NOESY spectra for both peptides. The location of each peptide in the micelles was found consistent with the corresponding relaxation data. As illustrated by the study of the PMP1 fragment, paramagnetic relaxation data also allow us to supply the missing medium-range NOEs and therefore to complete a standard conformational analysis of peptides in micelles.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

[Is surgery useful in kidney cancer with lymph node invasion?].

SUMMARY: lymph node involvement in renal cell carcinoma is factor of very poor prognosis. In a series of 55 node-positive patients, 33 (60%) had simultaneous renal vein or vena cava invasion and 32 (58.2%) had metastases. Gross lymph node involvement was found in 39 patients (70.9%). Patients without venous invasion or metastasis may have a prolonged survival. In this group, those with microscopic nodal involvement can be cured, as the 10 and 15-year the actuarial survival rate is 54.5% Formal lymphadenectomy might have played a role in these results. Surgery can be performed when vein invasion is present without metastasis, but the prognosis is generally poor. Survival does not seem to be influenced by surgery when metastasis is present, regardless of the vein status.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1997

[Treatment of erectile disorders with androgens: When? How?].

Erectile dysfunction associated to low circulating androgens is characterized by a low testosterone due to hypogonadism of hypothalamic-pituitary or testicular origin. Long term androgen administration is unacceptable unless biology has demonstrated hypogonadism with a low testosterone level not related to hyperpolactinemia. Intramuscular testosterone or transdermal dihydrotestosterone can be used with a similar clinical effect but a different biological impact regarding aromatase activity. Whatever may be the type of androgen supplementation, one should use low dosage with frequent administration in order to obtain stable and physiologic plasmatic values. On account of androgen impact on prostate and cardiovascular system, careful pretreatment screening should eliminate an occult prostate cancer and a vascular thrombosis risk in a complaining and informed patient. Clinical and biological parameters should be periodically followed throughout androgen therapy.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1997

[Renal oncocytoma. Report of 13 cases].

We report 13 cases of renal oncocytoma. Urinary symptoms occurred in only 3 cases. The patient's age ranged from 41 to 74 years with an average of 62.3 years. The mean tumor diameter was 5.6 cm (range: 1.5-14). Diagnostic features of ultrasonography, CT scan and, in some instances, angiography were suggestive of renal oncocytoma in 2 patients, but never affirmative, 4 patients were treated by partial nephrectomy. No local or metastatic recurrence was observed with a mean follow-up of 30.8 months, ranging from 6 to 96 months. We assume that the term renal oncocytoma should be restricted to tumors exclusively composed of regular oncocytic cells with an eosinophilic granular mitochondria-rich cytoplasm and an absence of malignant potential. Diagnostic imaging characteristics may sometimes suggest the diagnosis of renal oncocytoma, but cannot eliminate the main differential diagnosis, i.e. granular renal cell adenocarcinoma. When the tumor is small and unifocal, nephron sparing surgery may be considered. Whether or not the diagnosis has been confirmed by fine needle aspiration, conservative surgery must be controlled by intraoperative frozen sections of the tumor and surgical margins.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic↗

PubMed1997

[Anatomical and clinical effects of neoadjuvant hormonal treatment before radical prostatectomy].

Neoadjuvant endocrine treatment before radical prostatectomy is designed to reduce the positive margin rate and therefore the risk of recurrence. It usually consists of complete androgen blockade for 3 months, but no consensus has been reached concerning the type of blockade and the optimal duration. The main histological changes consist of glandular atrophy with pycnosis and vacuolization of tumour cells. These changes could reflect increased apoptosis. The residual tumour is usually small. PIN become rare, raising the problem of possible chemoprevention. The overall result is a markedly increased frequency of intracapsular tumours and a reduction of at least 50% of positive margins. However, some authors consider that this is simply due to a more detailed histological examination. The frequency of seminal vesicle and lymph node involvement does not appear to be modified. Endocrine therapy could act on the apoptosis-proliferation balance and also decrease the number of circulating cells. However, the intermediate results of randomized studies are contradictory. As improvement in overall survival remains the main objective, only a longer follow-up will be able to clearly determine the value or uselessness of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment before radical prostatectomy.

Androgen Antagonists↗

PubMed1992

[Anterior sacral meningocele with urologic manifestations. Report of 3 cases].

Anterior sacral meningocele is defined as a spinal fluid-filled thecal sac in the pelvis communicating with the spinal subarachnoid space through a defect in the anterior sacral wall. Since scimitar shape of the sacrum is characteristic, diagnosis is easily confirmed by echography and myelography. The sac very often contains benign tumors and a thickened filum terminale which can achieve a tethered cord syndrome. This congenital malformation, whose autosomal inherited condition has been proposed, has usually few characteristic symptoms but can present itself as a neurogenic bladder from tethered cord origin. Neurosurgical treatment can prevent rupture of the meningocele with meningitis. In addition to symptomatic treatment of the neurogenic bladder, the urologist must advise neurosurgical operation to preserve potency and cure specific bladder dysfunction secondary to tethered cord syndrome.

Female↗

PubMed1992

[Ureteral and bladder lesions after gynecologic surgery. Value of early diagnosis].

Ureteric and bladder injuries are recognized complications of gynaecologic surgery. Efficiency of conservative treatments is directly related to early diagnosis. Urinary vaginal fistulas are easily diagnosed in view of post-operative continuous leakage. Ureteral or bladder obstructions can be quite asymptomatic and result in renal destruction or bladder impairment. Reviewing 17 cases, we emphasize abnormal post-operative pain and biological changes which must aware of urologic complications and lead to radiographic studies. Double-J stenting or bladder drainage associated with filling of fistula with fibrin sealant gives a chance of complete recovery to urogenital fistulas. Percutaneous nephrostomy or clean intermittent catheterisation preserves renal or bladder function until adequate treatment of obstruction has been defined.

Adult↗