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Biomedical subjects

J Tomlin

Publications and source records attributed to J Tomlin.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Viscosity of food gums determined in vitro related to their hypoglycemic actions.

Experiments were carried out in vitro and in normal human subjects to evaluate alternative food-grade viscous polysaccharides as agents for reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and to assess the relationship between the in vitro and in vivo performance of the polysaccharides. A 1:1 mixture of xanthan and locust bean gum (X/LBG) had the greatest viscosity at equivalent concentrations and shear rates and was more effective than guar gum, xanthan, or locust-bean gum at inhibiting glucose movement in vitro. It was not, however, more efficient in lowering postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin in human subjects when incorporated in a drink containing 50 g glucose. When the different gums were acidified and reneutralized to mimic conditions in the gut, there was a better correlation between viscosity and blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. This effect may explain why X/LBG was no more effective than the other gums in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The degradation of guar gum by a faecal incubation system.

1. Homogenized and diluted faeces (50 g/l) from one human source were incubated with the complex plant polysaccharide, guar gum, to investigate the degradation of viscous polysaccharides by intestinal bacteria. 2. Incubation of the faecal homogenate with guar gum produced a rapid decrease in viscosity and in pH, accompanied by the release of hydrogen. 3. No changes in viscosity or pH were observed and there was no production of H2 gas when guar gum was incubated with autoclaved faecal homogenate (20 min, 1.03 x 10(5) Pa). 4. A bacteria-free filtrate of faeces was prepared by centrifuging the faecal homogenate (2400 g for 100 min) followed by filtration through a Seitz filter and then a millipore filter (size 0.45 micron). Incubating this with guar gum produced a slow decrease in viscosity, but no significant change in pH and no generation of H2. 5. Our results show that guar gum can be fermented by human colonic bacteria and suggest the possibility of predigestion by extracellular free enzymes.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calcium channel blockers do not enhance increases in plasma potassium after succinylcholine in humans.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether chronic calcium channel blocker therapy exaggerates the rise in plasma potassium concentration ([K+]) after succinylcholine administration. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: University and Veterans Affairs hospitals. PATIENTS: 36 ASA physical status III and IV male patients: 21 patients taking chronic calcium channel blockers and 15 patients not receiving calcium channel blockers, all of whom were scheduled for inpatient surgical procedures with general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: In all patients, anesthesia was induced with high-dose opioids plus a sedative-hypnotic, and intubation was facilitated with 1 to 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine without nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker pretreatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma [K+] was measured prior to induction and 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, and 15 minutes after succinylcholine was administered. A modest average peak rise of 0.5 mEq/L in plasma [K+] was observed, but there were no differences between patients who were or were not receiving calcium channel blockers. CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving chronic calcium channel blocker therapy are at no greater risk of hyperkalemia after succinylcholine than those not taking such medications.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗