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Biomedical subjects

J Tichý

Publications and source records attributed to J Tichý.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Somatognosis, body schema and the phenomena of somatic and visceral phantoms and phantom pain].

The body scheme is a complex of memory patterns secured in the structures of the brain, where the parietal lobes play the most important role. Basic principles are given by the genetic programming of the structure and function along with the synthesis of information brought by means of sensory activity. The unitary perception of the body scheme is a dynamic image, enabling conscious and unconscious representation of our body, its parts, their functions, position, shape and/or movements. The recognition of the body scheme in humans is named somatognosia. Disorders of somatognosia include visceral and somatic phantom, phantom pain and other disorders related to the capability of communication by means of language: autotopoagnosia, hemiasomatognosia, pain asymboly, anosognosia of hemiplegia, anosognosia of blindness, deafness, neglect and other defects appearing at the neurologist's and psychiatrist's borderline of interest. Interest in the visceral phantom is usually much smaller than that in the phantom limb. The aim of this paper was to draw the to phantom phenomena in patients following rectum amputation and colostomy. A survey of contemporary knowledge about the body scheme and its disorders, cortical plasticity and the problem of cortical maladaptation are presented.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1998

[Primary carcinoma of the duodenum].

The authors describe the case of a 70-year-old man with primary adenocarcinoma of the fourth segment of the duodenum. Due to the infrequency of the condition there was diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. After the endoscopic and bioptic diagnosis three months elapsed before an incorrectly indicated derivation operation and only after another month the tumour was resected. The exhausted patient developed postoperative pancreatitis with subsequent multiorgan failure to which he succumbed. The disease should be suspected even if the symptomatology is poor. The patient suffered only from nausea and anaemia. From the diagnostic aspect endoscopic examination is most useful for the oral segment of the duodenum and double contrast examination for the aboral one. The method of treatment is duodenopancreatectomy for the upper part and segmental resection for the distal part of the duodenum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Present views on boxing--Henner's legacy].

Fifty years ago academician Henner formulated clearly the negative view of neurologists on boxing as practised in his time. It was his merit that a protective helmet was introduced, many of his demands concerning the regime after a KO and the importance of medical examinations were no yet adequately appreciated. At the opportunity of the 100th anniversary of Henner's birth and the fiftieth anniversary of the Clinic he founded in the premises of saint Catherine the author discusses contemporary views on boxing, the risk of repeated injuries for the development of encephalopathia pugilistica and their relationship to Alzheimer's disease. Contemporary boxing is a spectacle which is a continuation of historical fights of gladiators. If the main objective is to hurt the adversary, this activity does not deserve the name of "sport" Sport should promote and maintain physical and mental health which is not the case in professional boxing.

Boxing↗
PubMed1995

[Amusia].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1994

[Melanoblastoma in laboratory minipigs: a model for studying human malignant melanoma].

Human malignant melanoma is a progressively growing tumour mostly with a fatal prognosis during short time. Its frequency has doubled in some states of the USA during the last few years. Surgical treatment, which is still generally used, has very low efficiency due to the numerous metastases in different organs. An animal model is a necessary prerequisite to develop a new therapy methods. We have recorded primary cutaneous malignant melanomas as well as extensive metastases in the visceral organs in darkly pigmented laboratory minipigs. The primary skin tumours were mostly multiple and they showed a tuberous nodular form. The regular occurrence of tumours in a progeny of three specific mating types suggests the existence of genetic predisposition to malignant transformation. We discuss the use of this animal model for further studies and treatment of human malignant melanoma by our ischemization technique developed previously.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Thrombosis in the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta through the eyes of a neurologist].

We described a case of the malign course of the abdominal aorta bifurcation in a 75-year old woman with the case history of a successfully removed neurinom of the eleventh thoracic root on the left side. Despite a timely diagnosis with the recurrence of a spinal tumor being ruled out and followed by the streptokinase therapy, the course of the disease was lethal. Another six lethal cases of the thrombosis of the abdominal aorta studied retrospectively proved the necessity to improve both the diagnostics and the therapy of this disease. The possibilities of modern angiosurgery are, however, being put to very little use. In our opinion, it is better to use the term Lerich's syndrome to describe the chronic closure of the abdominal aorta bifurcation in men. In all other cases we recommend to use the descriptive term of the complete closure of the distal abdominal aorta. The complete thrombosis of the terminal abdominal aorta is not a very rare disease since it was found four times out of the total number of 4,746 dissections carried out in the period of five years (1986-1990). Reference is being made to the dissection materials of the 2nd Institute of Pathology and Anatomy of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) from the viewpoint of the clinical neurologist].

A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a cerebrovascular attack the clinical symptomatology of which is restored to normal within 24 hours. Minor haemorrhages, epilepsy, hypoglycaemia, migraine and even peripheral neuropathies can be mistaken for TIA. CT examination indicates in a considerable percentage of examined subjects encephalomalacia. The term TIA should be reserved for ischaemic attacks, where after regression of the clinical symptomatology within 24 hours no structural changes are found.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Cerebral ischemic infarct in computer tomography imaging in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks].

The term transient ischaemic attack (TIA) does not correspond to findings of new examination methods and is rather a matter of convention. The authors examined 19 patients with the diagnosis of TIA by CT and found in five a cerebral infarction. The dependence of cerebral infarction in TIA on age, sex, risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) and the duration of clinical symptomatology was not significant.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1989

Experimental devascularization (devitalization) of the rectum and sigmoideum.

In 6 laboratory pigs, devascularization (devitalization) of the rectum and the adjacent part of the sigmoideum was carried out by the vasa rectalia cranialia et media ligatures with simultaneous aboral closure of the rectum at the base of the lesser pelvis and oral closure at the borderline between the rectum and the sigmoideum. The devascularized rectum was not removed but left in situ. Terminal colostomy was established. Laparotomic revision was carried out after 12 weeks, colostomy was removed and continuity of the intestine was reestablished by insertion anastomosis, by suture of the end of the colon to the anal mucosa and skin. In further two pigs, devascularization of the rectosigmoideum was carried out with colostomy and reconstruction was carried out after 12 weeks by procto-sigmoideo-anastomosis. In another 2 animals, devascularization was carried out on the lower part of the sigmoideum and continuity was immediately renewed by end-to-side sigmoideo-sigmo-ideoanastomosis. All revisions indicated that the devascularized necrotic segment shrank to form a minute fibrous tissue residue, anastomosis was patent and continence was retained for colo-proctoanastomosis. The described techniques are technically simple and could be employed as palliative surgical methods for inoperable tumours in the region of the rectum and lower part of the sigmoideum.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1988

Sternocostal joints, low back pain and lumbar discopathy.

New interrelations between the distensions of the 5th, 6th and 7th ribs and low back pain were studied in two groups of patients: 1) one hundred out-patients with prevalent pseudoradicular symptomatology and 2) fifty patients hospitalised for graphically verified (CT, PMG) lumbar disc herniation and pronounced radicular symptomatology. We have introduced some measurements to document asymmetrical holding of the body and limbs: the distance between the sternoclavicular joint-spina iliaca ant. sup. and the distance between the acromion and spina iliaca post. sup. We found that in the distension (blockade) of the 5th rib, constant spasms are present in m. abdominis obliquus ext., in the most lateral part of the adductors and in the most medial part of the great gluteal muscle. In 6th rib distension, spasms in the external part of the m. rectus abdominis, and in the mediolateral fascicles of thigh adductors and in the external part of m. glutaeus max. could be palpated. In 7th sternocostal distension there are spasms in the most medial parts of m. rectus abdominis, and of thigh adductors and m. glutaeus medius of the same side. After mobilization, statistically significant improvement of body asymmetry (p less than 0.01), improvement of anteflection, bending to the side, Laségue's and Patric's phenomena were found. Surgery was indispensable only in 6% of our patients suffering from severe lumbar disc hernianion (in 3 out of 50). The CT appearance of the prolapse remained unaltered even after clinical remission. There were some changes before and after mobilization in the CT picture of sternocostal joints. The importance of strengthening of the great pectoral muscles--in which preexistent relative weakness was found--is stressed. The beneficial effect of mobilization of the respective sternocostal blockade on the pain syndrome, body asymmetry and mobility is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The devitalization of the stomach by a devascularization technique.

Different parts of the stomach in healthy animals (pigs) were devitalized (devascularized) by eliminating the blood supply and left in situ. In model experiments, parts of the stomach were chosen for the devitalization with respect to most frequent location of carcinomas. The operation technique consisted of a complete ligature of perigastric vessels, bling enclosure of the cranial part of the duodenum with two ligatures with a possible application of a seromuscular suture and transverse cutting of the oral part of the stomach and its enclosing by a suture with a partial invagination of the wall. The passage was renewed by a gastroenteroanastomosis, some of the used modifications of the operation technique according to Billroth II (Schlater-Pólya). A method was mostly proposed with an interposition of the jejunal loop, which bridged the site of the devitalized part of the stomach. In 10 to 20 weeks the stomach tissue was stepwise degraded and it was replaced by fibrous tissue. The operation technique is simple; it could be applicable as a palliative or possibly therapeutic intervention in the case of inoperable tumours in human practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A technique of the segmental devitalization of kidneys in experiment.

With the help of partially overlapping parenchymatous sutures, different renal segments were devitalized. After 8 weeks, a fibrous conversion occurred in devitalized part of the kidney. For the orientation during establishing the sutures, a topographic schematic diagram was used, which is simple and quite satisfactory for the use in practice. The study was performed on minipigs (21 x unilaterally, 3 x bilaterally) without any exitus of the experimental animals. A long series of experiments was performed in 37 rats on one kidney and in 40 rats bilaterally. Only in 3 rats the cause of the exitus was obviously in a connection with eliminating more than 70 to 75% of the renal parenchyma from the function. The devitalization technique presents good results in both series of the experiments. Possibilities of its use in the clinical practice in cases, where the resection therapy is being used currently, are discussed.

Animals↗