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Biomedical subjects

J Thorell

Publications and source records attributed to J Thorell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Jejunal mucosal DNA content and maturation. Inverse relation to serum gastrin levels in suckling and weanling rats.

Although pentagastrin has a tropic action on intestinal mucosa in suckling rat pups, and at weaning a rise in gastrin levels coincides with maturation of the intestinal mucosa, direct correlations of serum gastrin levels and intestinal maturation have yet to be made. Ten-day-old rats were subjected either to antrectomy to produce a 43% decrease in serum gastrin levels or to fundectomy to produce a 319% increase over gastrin levels in rumenectomized or normal animals. These changes were not associated with tropic or adaptive changes in jejunal or colonic mucosa as determined by jejunal and colonic DNA content, jejunal sucrase activity, jejunal villous height, or crypt depths in jejunum and colon at the beginning (day 15), middle (day 21), or end (day 27) of the weaning period. To the contrary, an inverse relation was found between serum gastrin levels and both jejunal mucosal DNA content and sucrase activity as an index of maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Haemodynamic effects of prenaterol and cardiac glycosides in patients with recent myocardial infarction.

Prenalterol was given to twenty five patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thirteen patients (group B) had signs of cardiac decompensation while twelve (group A) had not. Ejection fraction was determined with 99mTc-labelled red blood cells before and after prenalterol (50 micrograms kg-1 body weight), intravenously. In group B this procedure was repeated after digitalization 2 days later. The ejection fraction increased significantly in group A after prenalterol injection. In group B, prenalterol produced an increase, but this was not significant. After digitalis the ejection fraction increased significantly and prenalterol produced an additional significant rise. No significant changes in blood pressure occurred. Heart rate increased significantly in both groups after prenalterol injection and decreased significantly after digitalis.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1983

A compound follicular-parafollicular cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a new tumor entity?

An unusual thyroid carcinoma is described, showing structural, histochemical and radioimmunologic features of both a follicular and a parafollicular cell carcinoma. Radioimmunoassay revealed high levels of thyroglobulin in the patient's serum and in extracts from metastatic tumor tissue. Immunoreactive thyroglobulin was demonstrated histochemically in tumor cells. On scanning, pulmonary metastases showed uptake of 131I. Somatostatin and neurotensin immunoreactivity was also revealed histochemically in the tumor and a large proportion of the neoplastic cells were argyrophil. Serum calcitonin level was normal and no immunoreactive calcitonin was found in tumor tissue by radioimmunoassay or histochemically. Light microscopy showed cribriform patterns suggestive of follicular carcinoma as well as solid areas reminiscent of medullary carcinoma. Electron microscopy revealed two types of tumor cells. One type had electron dense granules resembling secretory granules characteristic of polypeptide hormone and/or monoamine producing endocrine cells. The other type had no such granules but showed a prominent vesicular rough endoplasmic reticulum similar to that seen in neoplastic follicular cells. The results suggest two alternative possibilities regarding the histogenesis of the tumor. One would be a mixed neoplasm, resulting from a coincidental malignant change in both follicular and parafollicular thyroid cells. The other, more likely alternative would be that the tumor cells are derived from a common stem cell with the potentiality of differentiating into both follicular and parafollicular adult cells. The finding that both thyroglobulin and somatostatin or neurotensin immunoreactivity occurred together in some tumor cells supports the latter possibility and suggests that at least some follicular and parafollicular cells may have a common precursor origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Relation between plasma insulin and blood glucose in a cross-sectional population study of the oral glucose tolerance test.

In a material of 3596 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) performed in a population investigation of middle-aged males in Malmö, fasting and 120 min values of blood glucose and plasma insulin immunoreactivity (IRI) were studied while taking factors like body weight, smoking, alcohol, gastric resection and selfreported diabetes heredity into account. The fasting as well as the 120 min levels of both glucose and IRI were markedly influenced by body weight and smoking habits but not by the hereditary background. At 120 min, but not in the fasting state, there was a linear correlation between the IRI and glucose levels. The increase of IRI on glucose was significantly steeper in most of the hereditary subjects in comparison with their non-hereditary controls.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

Alteration of thyroid hormone economy during alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics.

Alcohol and alcohol withdrawal may affect nutritional status in many different ways, including effects on thyroid activity. The influence of alcohol withdrawal on thyroid hormone economy was investigated by measurements of changes in the serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3, 5, 5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3), and thyrotropin (TSH) in chronic alcoholics experiencing different degrees of alcohol abstinence. In addition, the serum concentrations of ethanol were measured at entrance. There was no significant correlation between the entrance serum ethanol levels, on the one hand, and those of T4, T3, rT3, or TSH, on the other. However, during severe ethanol abstinence (with or without delirium tremens), there was a significant increase in the serum levels of T4 and rT3, but not in those of T3 and TSH. These findings indicate that (severe) alcohol abstinence can interfere with thyroid hormone economy, either by enhancing thyroid hormone secretion or by reducing T4 and rT3 deiodination. It is an open question whether this represents a beneficial adaptation to the metabolic disturbance caused by alcohol intoxication and abstinence, or an additional derangement that warrants nutritional or other therapeutic measures.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed1981

Urokinase-like plasminogen activator as a marker of endometrial neoplasia.

Urokinase-like plasminogen activator (ULPA) was determined with a radioimmunoassay in uterine aspirates from 67 patients prior to curettage. In women with normal endometrial histology the mean concentration of ULPA was 5.4 +/- 2.5 microgram per liter. Only one of this aspirates contained more than 8 microgram per liter. In cases with malignant histology ULPA was above this level in 10 of 11 with a mean concentration of 31.2 +/- 31.4 microgram per liter. In cases with glandular cystic hyperplasia and/or adenomatous hyperplasia 6 of 15 had values above 8 microgram per liter with a mean of 10.3 +/- 6.1 microgram per liter. In addition to other parameters of malignancy such as cytology, detection of ULPA in uterine fluid might prove useful in screening examinations for endometrial neoplasia.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Effect of IUD on urokinase-like immunoreactivity and plasminogen activators in human uterine fluid.

The coexistence of two types of plasminogen activators in human uterine fluid was demonstrated. Immunologically, one was urokinase-like and the other tissue activator-like. Both activators contributed to the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid. Urokinase-like immunoreactivity decreased from the proliferative phase to the luteal phase and increased premenstrually. The increase in fibrinolytic activity premenstrually was ascribed mainly to an increase in concentration of the urokinase-like plasminogen activator. A much higher urokinase-like immunoreactivity was found in the uterine fluid from IUD-users than from non-users. The fibrinolytic activity of the uterine fluid, which in contrast to that of the endometrium is known to be depressed in IUD-users, was inhibited by an antiserum against the tissue activator but only weakly influenced by an antiserum against urokinase. This indicates the presence of urokinase inhibitors in the uterine fluid of IUD-users with a capacity to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the urokinase-like plasminogen activator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The success rate of in vitro fertilization of human oocytes in relation to the concentrations of different hormones in follicular fluid and peripheral plasma.

Seventeen infertile patients were stimulated with clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). During laparotomy or laparoscopy, follicles were aspirated. At least one fertilizable oocyte was obtained from 13 patients, who had normal preovulatory plasma 17 beta-estradiol (mean 2.2 nmol/l) in contrast to the 4 patients with infertilizable oocytes (mean 0.4 nmol/l). A close association was found between the success rate of fertilization and the increment of plasma progesterone from the day before to the day after the operation. If the concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in follicular fluid were below an arbitrary limit (17 beta-estradiol less than 500 nmol/l in association with progesterone less than 2,000 nmol/l), no oocytes could be fertilized. Apparently aspiration of oocytes and follicular fluid did not disturb ovarian steroid production during the luteal phase. The results suggest that plasma 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone determinations may serve as useful predictors for oocyte fertilizability in an in vitro system, following clomiphene-hCG stimulation and multiple oocyte recovery.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1981

Influence of smoking on thyroid activity.

Serum concentrations of T4, T3, rT3 and TSH were determined before and after cessation of chronic smoking in healthy subjects. Their body weights were measured at the same intervals. Abstention from smoking was monitored through determination of CO content in blood. Cessation of smoking was accompanied by small reductions in serum T4 and rT3 and by a small rise in serum TSH. Serum T3 was not significantly altered. A minor rise in body weight was noticed. It is suggested that smoking promotes a modestly increased secretion of thyroid hormone, which is readjusted to normal following cessation of smoking. The assumed smoking-induced increase in thyroid hormone secretion is apparently not mediated by enhanced TSH secretion but by some other factor, e.g. the sympathetic nervous system. The hormonal changes might contribute to the increase in body weight frequently seen after cessation of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Disappearance of insulin in man: variation with the plasma insulin level.

Clearance rates of unlabelled insulin were studied in 45 unanaesthetized non-diabetic humans. The clearance rate, as well as the pancreatic secretion rate, of endogenous insulin was estimated from steady-state concentrations in portal and arterial blood. The clearance rate of exogenous insulin was determined after brief intraportal infusion. In the basal fasting state, the endogenous plasma insulin level varied as closely with the clearance of endogenous insulin as with the rate of pancreatic secretion. During elevation of insulin by glucose infusion, it varied predominantly with the rate of insulin secretion. Clearance of exogenous insulin did not vary with the pre-test endogenous insulin level. The clearance of endogenous insulin increased form 11 ml . min-1 . kg-1 in the basal fasting state to 17 ml . min-1. kg-1 during glucose infusion. Clearance of exogenous insulin fell progressively with increasing dose, form 35 (8 mU/kg) to 14 (43 mU/kg) ml . min-1 . kg-1 at normoglycaemia and 23 (8 mU/kg) to 17 (34 mU/kg) ml . min-1 . kg-1 at hyperglycaemia. The clearance of endogenous insulin was lower than that of exogenous insulin at normoglycaemia, but of similar size during glucose infusion. It is concluded that variation in clearance rate is partly responsible for variation in plasma insulin concentration, particularly in the basal fasting state, and that the clearance rate is lower in the basal state than otherwise. To some extent, the low clearance values for endogenous insulin in the basal state may reflect poor specificity of the insulin radioimmunoassay.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptor concentration in endometriotic tissue and intrauterine endometrium.

Cytosol estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were assayed in peritoneal and ovarian endometriotic tissue from 20 patients. In 12 of the cases the intrauterine endometrium was assayed as well. The control material consisted of normal endometrium from 30 women. The receptor content of the endometriotic tissue was less than that of the endometrium of the same patient. In most cases no receptors could be detected (12/20 cases ER-, 7/9 cases PR-) irrespective of the phase of the menstrual cycle. The endometrial receptor concentrations were that same in patients with endometriosis as in the control group. There were no differences in binding characteristics of the receptors in the two tissue types. It is concluded that endometriotic tissue contains lower a concentration of cytoplasmic ER and PR than the normal endometrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A study of estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptor concentration in benign and malignant ovarian tumors and a review of malignant ovarian tumors treated with medroxy-progesterone acetate.

ER and PR were assayed in 13 malignant and 20 benign ovarian tumors of different histologic types. ER was detectable in 67% and PR in 40% of the malignant tumors, compared with 35 and 45% in the benign tumors, respectively. The ER concentration was somewhat higher in the malignant lesions but there was no difference in the PR level. A retrospective review of 39 primary ovarian tumors of different pathologic stages and classes, treated postoperatively with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Depo-Provera, UpJohn) and in most cases Melphalan, showed a high Karnofsky performance index and good complete and partial response rates. The need for a prospective, controlled study of the role of MPA treatment of malignant ovarian tumors in evident.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ontogeny and ultrastructure of somatostatin and calcitonin cells in the thyroid gland of the rat.

Calcitonin cells are relatively numerous in the thyroid gland of the rat. In contrast, somatostatin cells are very scarce except at the time of birth and a few days thereafter, when they are conspicuously numerous. Somatostatin cells of the thyroid gland, which are ultrastructurally similar to somatostatin cells in gut and pancreas, also contain immunoreactive calcitonin. It is not clear whether somatostatin cells in the rat thyroid gland produce calcitonin or accumulate calcitonin from the environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

High content of tyrosine and arginine in peptides and proteins from the growth hormone producing cells of the adenohypophysis.

Fluorescence histochemistry has demonstrated an abundance of tyrosine and arginine residues in the growth hormone (GH) producing cells of the pituitary of several mammals. Granules from pig pituitaries were purified by passage through a succession of Millipore filters followed by centrifugation on a continuous sucrose gradient. One granular fraction, rich in GH, was found to contain proteins or peptides rich in tyrosine and arginine. Gel chromatography of the acid-soluble components from sedimented pituitary granules revealed that the arginine- and tyrosine-rich material was heterogeneous. The arginine-containing peptides and proteins could be separated into several peaks with molecular weights from 5000-10,000 and higher. The tyrosine-containing material comprised one peptide with a molecular weight of 5000-10,000 and another much smaller peptide. Since GH itself is not excessively rich in either tyrosine or arginine, the tyrosine- and arginine-containing proteins or peptides probably constitute as yet unidentified granular components, distinct from GH itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Gut-type glucagon immunoreactivity in nerves of the rat brain.

Nerve fibers reacting with antisera demonstrating gut-type glucagon were numerous in certain areas of hypothalamus and thalamus but absent from neocortex and hippocampus. They did not react with glucagon antisera specific for pancreatic type glucagon. Immunoreactive cell bodies were not observed.

Animals↗