Recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble intracellular protein. A purification process is described that incorporates a hydrophilic membrane (cellulosic) separation followed by a hydrophobic one (PTFE). The hydrophilic step is a traditional one in that species are separated primarily on the basis of size. The hydrophobic step separates species on the basis of parameters apparently not related to size. By combining these two steps, an increase in TNF purity of 7-10-fold can be achieved with a yield of 50%. The effects of cellular debris and pH on selectivity and recovery of the hydrophobic filtration step are discussed.

Centrifugation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The distribution of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human sebaceous glands.

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Acne Vulgaris↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Implementation of a compensatory memory system in a school age child with severe memory impairment.

Impairments in memory and new learning secondary to neurological illness or injury pose significant problems for school age children. This paper describes the development and implementation of compensatory memory aids for an adolescent girl who demonstrated significant memory impairment following irradiation for an intracranial tumour. Strategies for integrating the system with the student's academic programme and school-related activities, and involvement of school personnel are emphasized, as is a theoretically and behaviourally based training programme.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A trial of clodronate-liposomes as anti-macrophage treatment in a sheep model of arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Our previous research has concerned the role of macrophages in joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. We have therefore been interested in liposomes containing clodronate as an antimacrophage treatment for arthritis. We have used the antigen-induced arthritis model in sheep to evaluate the effect of clodronate liposomes. METHODS: Arthritis was induced in the right hock joint (day 0). We were able to demonstrate uptake of liposomes into macrophages within the inflamed joint lining. On day 7, sheep were given a single intra-articular injection of clodronate liposomes (group 1, n = 10) or saline liposomes (group 2, n = 10). A further 6 sheep (group 3) had no arthritis and no treatment. RESULTS: No difference in joint diameter was observed between the sheep in group 1 (clodronate) and group 2 (saline treated). Both groups had joint swelling which persisted until the end of the trial (day 20). Histologic scoring was also similar in group 1 and group 2 animals, and both were worse than group 3. CONCLUSION: In vitro studies have shown that interaction of liposomes with neutrophils and monocytes stimulates a respiratory burst. Despite this possible pro-inflammatory effect we did not observe any increase in joint diameter following liposome injection. Thus we were unable to demonstrate a therapeutic effect of a single dose of clodronate liposomes in this large animal model of antigen-induced arthritis.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tethered cord release on scoliosis in myelomeningocele.

To understand better the effects of detethering on scoliosis in persons with myelomeningocele, 21 patients with spinal dysraphism and scoliosis who had undergone a detethering procedure were retrospectively reviewed. Fourteen girls and seven boys were followed for an average of 5 years (range, 2-10). Three patients had thoracic, 12 had lumbar, and six had sacral level myelomeningocele. Three patients (14%) had curves that improved, and six (29%) stabilized. Twelve patients (57%) progressed >10 degrees. Eighty-six percent of patients with initial curves of >40 degrees and 100% of thoracic level patients went on to require spinal fusion. Eight complications occurred in six patients. Although patients with curves <40 degrees may have some improvement after a detethering procedure, those presenting with curves >40 degrees or thoracic neurologic levels had no improvement in their scoliosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Production and preparation of hyperimmune bovine colostrum for passive immunotherapy of cryptosporidiosis.

Pregnant cows were immunized to produce hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) by intramuscular injection or intramammary infusion (TI) followed by 3 successive TI boosters with Cryptosporidium parvum (Cp) oocyst antigen mixed with Freund's (F) or Ribi (R) adjuvant. Control cows received no Cp. Colostrum from all cows was skimmed of butterfat and tested for specific anti-Cp immunoglobulin isotypes by ELISA. The HBC from Cp-F and Cp-R immunized cows had IgG1 titers exceeding 1:400,000 and 1:800,000, respectively. Some HBC from Cp-F immunized cows was freeze-dried to facilitate storage and some were irradiated at 42.5 kGy to kill potentially contaminating pathogens. Freeze-drying, but not irradiation, reduced IgG1 titers by only one dilution. Neither treatment affected Western blot banding patterns.

Animals↗