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Biomedical subjects

J Terblanche

Publications and source records attributed to J Terblanche.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Exchange transplantation of the liver in the pig.

An original technique is described for exchange transplantation of the liver in the pig. The procedure also allows a complete autograft to be performed with the same operative trauma as a transplant. The initial problems that were encountered, but overcome in both autografts and transplants, included difficulty with adequate perfusion of the liver in the live animals, gas gangrene resulting from hepatic arterial thrombosis in animals under 22 kg, and fear of devascularisation of the pancreas or stomach during dissection. In this series, six successful pairs of pigs were transplanted and, in three pairs, one animal showed severe rejection and early death while the other lived longer with a different response. The technique has significant immunological and economical potential.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Liver tumours.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1976

A conrolled trial of glucagon in experimental pancreatitis.

This study was designed to assess the value of glucagon infusion in pigs with experimental pancreatitis. The condition was induced by injection of bile into the pancreatic duct directly after intravenous injection of secretion. Macroscopic haemorrpagic pancreatitis ensued immediately, and was accompanied by a rise in the serum amylase of five to ten times. An experimental group of 15 pigs was given glucagon by continous infusion for 18 hours beginning 18 hours after induction of pancreatitis. A control group was given intravenous saline. Fourteen of the 15 treated animals survived for 1 week and 3 died within 2 weeks, after which the remaining animals were sacrificed. Ten of the 15 controls died within the first week. Serum amylase levels in both groups began to decline when infusion was commenced, but levels in the treated group were significantly lower than in the controls. Autopsy showed prominent peripancreatic granulation tissue in the treated animals, a significant incidence of pericarditis in both groups and pancreatic pseudocysts in 3 controls and 1 treated animal. These results suggest that glucagon effectively reduced the mortality in pigs with experimental pancreatitis and that a controlled clinical trial of treatment is justified.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Fibreoptic endoscopy and the use of the Sengstaken tube in acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension and varices.

The value of emergency upper gastrointestinal fibre-endoscopy, followed where required by the use of a modified Sengstaken tube, was studied during 84 episodes of acute bleeding in 75 patients who had evidence of portal hypertension with varices. The portal hypertension was due to alcoholic cirrhosis in 80% and to cryptogenic cirrhosis in 9% of the patients. By definition, varices were present in all patients, but in only 66% of episodes were the varices the cause of the bleed. The correct diagnosis of the source of bleeding was made at endoscopy in 89%. A Boyce modification of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was passed in 73% of the episodes of variceal bleeding. It effectively stopped the bleeding primarily in 85% of patients but was successful as a final definitive measure only in 46%. Furthermore, only 40% of the patients in whom the tube was passed, survived. Mortality rate could be related to the severity of the bleed and to hepatocellular dysfunction. Survival increased from 23% in those patients with jaundice, ascites, and encephalopathy on admission to 92% in those without these manifestations. The in-hospital survival rate was 52% in patients bleeding from varices and 64% in those bleeding from other causes, with an overall survival rate of 56%, indicating the poor prognosis in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, irrespective of the cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Anorexia and weight loss in the portacaval-shunted pig.

The pig shows a marked response to end-to-side portacaval shunt. Survival is short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol fall. This study was designed to determine the role of the reduced food intake which follows the operation upon these results. In pair-fed, sham-operated pigs, survival was short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol also fell. Sham-operated animals fed normally did not show this response. Reduced appetite has been recorded in many experimental animals after portacaval shunt, but the cause remains to be elucidated. Encephalopathy, bacteremia, peptic ulceration, or hormonal imbalance could be implicated. Similar alteration in appetite and weight loss have not been observed in children who have been treated by portacaval shunt for glycogen storage disease or hypercholesterolemia; however, the underlying metabolic disorder or the species difference may be a contributory cause.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

An animal model of fulminant hepatic failure: a feasibility study.

An attempt was made to produce animal model of fulminant hepatic failure in the pig by intragastric administration of acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol). The effect of varying doses was observed in phenobarbital-pretreated and untreated animals. Assessment of optimal dose was made in terms of duration of survival and coma in animals exhibiting biochemical and histological evidence of liver necrosis. Significant liver necrosis was observed in enzyme-induced pigs only, whereas in the noninduced pigs respiratory arrest was considered a likely cause of death. Although liver necrosis occurred consistently at a dose of 0.5 to 1.1 g per kg of acetaminophen in phenobarbital-pretreated animals, survival time and coma duration were unpredictable. Only one-fifth of the total number of phenobarbital-pretreated pigs administered acetaminophen in this dose range fulfilled the prescribed criteria for a satisfactory model. There was a good correlation between survival time and duration of coma, although survival time did not correlate with acetaminophen dose, or with any of the following: peak plasma acetaminophen levels, thrombocytopenia, fall in hematocrit or fibrinogen, or alteration in other biochemical parameters. In addition to the unpredictable duration of survival and coma, the occurrence of acute anemia in 60% of the enzyme-induced animals was a major detraction from the possible usefulness of this model to evaluate various therapeutic regimes.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1975

Smoking and other factors affecting the conservative management of peripheral vascular disease.

Three hundred and ninety patients with peripheral vascular disease, who were neither eligible for, nor fit to undergo, surgery, have been studied in a prospective trial to assess the effectiveness of adequate active conservative therapy. These patients were followed up from 4 to 72 months, the duration of the average follow-up being 24 months. There was a 72% over-all improvement rate. The most striking feature of the trial was the correlation between smoking and failure to improve.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Acute biochemical and histological effects of portacaval shunt in the normal rat.

In previous studies of rats with portacaval shunts, elevated gamma-globulin levels 2 weeks after shunt were attributed to antibodies to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which were normally filtered by the liver. This study was designed to determine the tempo of this rise and the magnitude of hepatocellular damage within the first 4 days of the operation. Acute reversible hepatocellular damage was shown by elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase which returned to normal within 48 hours. This was confirmed on histology. There was no rise in gamma-globulin during this study but levels of albumin were better maintained in shunted rats than in sham-operated rats. Levels of alpha2 and beta-globulin in the former fell in comparison with the latter animals.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1975

Problems with an electromagnetic blood flowmeter.

Recurrent unexplained interference and day-to-day variation were encountered during preliminary studies with a sine-wave electromagnetic flowmeter. Using in vitro techniques, contributory causes were found to be defective leads to the flowmeter cuffs, inadequate contact between cuff and vessel, and failure to use an earth lead. When these faults were corrected, a study was made of the effects of haematocrit, temperature and the comparison of blood vessel or dialysis tubing in vitro. Final in vivo confirmation of the validity of the cuff was obtained by comparison with a cannula probe.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Renal transplantation in the unimmunosuppressed pig: an abnormal response.

A series of 82 kidney allografts and autografts in unimmunosuppressed pigs surviving for longer than 5 days has been compared with a previously reported series of 24 unimmunosuppressed pig kidney allografts. In the previous series 40 per cent survived for longer than 20 days. In the present series only 2 per cent of 55 transplants performed in cross-bred pigs obtained from different farms survived for longer than 20 days. The major causes of death were unrelated to rejection, prinicipally gastric ulcer bleeding. In the further 16 transplants between different pure-bred animals (thereby ensuring genetic disparity) the ulcer incidence was lowered by a gastro-enterostomy, and 12 per cent survived for longer than 20 days. Histological assessment of rejection in the latter group revealed 20 per cent with minimal rejection, was considered insufficient to account for the death of the animals. Based on the evaluation of 95 unimmunosuppressed pig kidney allografts in both series, it is concluded that a wide and unpredictable range of survival time occurs. Therefore the pig kidney allograft model is an unsatisfactory model in which to study immunosuppressive régimes. Also the unimmunosuppressed pig appears to show less evidence of kidney allograft rejection than the dog, irrespective of genetic disparity. It is tentatively suggested that this might be a lesser manifestation of the unexplained phenomenon of minimal rejection of liver allografts noted in unimmunosuppressed pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of acute ethanol administration on the exocrine pancreatic secretion of the pig.

The acute effect of intravenous and intragastric alcohol on exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in pigs with chronic pancreatic and gastric fistulas. A new H-type pancreatic cannula was designed for the study. With intravenous alcohol and the gastric fistula open, increased gastric acid secretion occurred but pancreatic enzyme output was inhibited. When acid was allowed to inter the duodenum by closing the gastric fistula, intravenous alcohol produced a secretin-like effect of increased pancreatic volume and bicarbonate secretion. Intragastric alcohol caused an increase in volume, bicarbonate and enzyme output. This was probably due initially to direct gastroduodenal stimulation as the same response occurred following intragastric mannitol of similar volume, pH and osmolality. The subsequently sustained increase in volume and bicarbonate was possibly a secondary secretin-like response following absorption of alcohol. It is concluded that the pig pancreas responds to alcohol as has been described in other animals. The use of a single model has allowed clarification of various phases of response invoking the effects of secretin, gastric and glucagon.

Animals↗