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Biomedical subjects

J Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J Taylor.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Exercise and spinal manipulation in the treatment of low back pain.

Current research clearly indicates the importance of exercise and mobility in the treatment of low back pain and also that bed rest and inactivity should play a relatively small part in treatment. The use of intensive, physical exercise and "work hardening" routines have been shown to be necessary for treating chronic low back pain and returning individuals to work. Evidence derived from valid clinical studies of the use of manipulation in the treatment of low back pain shows a role for it in the acute treatment of "mechanical" low back disorders. These studies have demonstrated that manipulative procedures result in more rapid pain and functional relief compared with other conservative therapies. Over a longer time frame, this advantage disappears.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Outcome of patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and severely impaired ventricular function who have negative electrophysiologic studies.

Twenty-nine consecutive patients with a prior myocardial infarction, severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (26% +/- 8%), and asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia were enrolled in a prospective trial. After a negative programmed electric stimulation study (3 extrastimuli at 2 sites with 2 drive trains), the 26 men and 3 women (mean age 71) were monitored for a mean of 13 months without antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Five patients died suddenly or had sustained ventricular tachycardia; three others had a cardiac, nonarrhythmic death. Events occurred in the first 13 months of the surveillance period. Clinical factors associated with a poor outcome included congestive heart failure and lack of beta-blocker therapy. In addition, patients with events tended to have lower ejection fractions than those without (21% vs 28%, p not significant). Thus a negative programmed electric stimulation study does not necessarily imply a benign outcome in patients with a prior infarction and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia if they also have severe left ventricular dysfunction and a history of heart failure. These data have important implications for the design and conduct of contemporary clinical trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Healthcare Information Framework.

CEN committee TC 251 Medical Informatics, has set up a project team charged with producing a European pre-standard ENV on Healthcare Information Framework (HIF). The HIF is based on abstraction from a specific information system architecture to a reference architecture and further to a conceptual architectural framework based on serving open, distributed and heterogeneous healthcare enterprises. To specify the suitable healthcare information system architecture modelling of the healthcare enterprise is required. As there is no one method serving all needs, the HIF gives guidance on what aspects to look at in selecting a suitable modelling method. It is expected that the work will be completed by early 1995.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1995

Biological and immunogenic properties of a canarypox-rabies recombinant, ALVAC-RG (vCP65) in non-avian species.

A canarypox-based (ALVAC) recombinant expressing the rabies G glycoprotein has been utilized to assess in vitro and in vivo biological properties of the canarypox virus vector system. In vitro studies have shown that no replication of the virus can be detected on six human-derived cell lines, nor can the virus be readily adapted to replicate on non-avian cells. Expression of the rabies G can be detected on all cell lines analyzed in the absence of productive viral replication. Analysis of viral-specific DNA accumulation indicated that the block in the replication cycle in the human cell lines analyzed occurred prior to DNA replication. The exact nature of the block, however, remains unknown. The concept of using a non-replicating immunization vehicle has been demonstrated through extensive in vivo studies in a range of species including non-human primates and humans. The results of such in vivo studies have exemplified the safety and immunogenicity of the ALVAC vaccine vector.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effects of fasting on the thermogenic, metabolic and cardiovascular responses to infused adrenaline.

The effects of fasting on the thermogenic, lipolytic and cardiovascular responses to adrenaline were examined in nine normal, young, non-obese subjects. Each subject attended for study after 12, 36 and 72 h fasting. After basal measurements adrenaline was infused at 25 ng/min per kg ideal body weight for 90 min. Fasting increased the thermogenic effect of the adrenaline (mean 14.6 (SE 1.7), 16.6 (SE 1.8), 22.6 (SE 1.6) J/min per kg fat-free mass after 12, 36 and 72 h fasting respectively; P < 0.001, ANOVA). Basal plasma palmitate turnover increased with duration of fasting (1.48 (SE 0.22), 1.95 (SE 0.34) and 2.26 (SE 0.33) mumol/min per kg body weight; P < 0.001, ANOVA), but the response to adrenaline was unaffected by fasting. The percentage values for basal plasma palmitate turnover oxidized were 44 (SE 2; 12 h), 46 (SE 5; 36 h) and 42 (SE 4)% (72 h). In response to adrenaline this percentage fell, suggesting that adrenaline infusion may favour intra-tissue lipid oxidation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The use of a shotgun for euthanasia of stranded cetaceans.

A 12-gauge shotgun, loaded with either a solid 28 g lead slug or buckshot consisting of nine individual lead pellets with a total mass of 28 g, was used to shoot the heads of one dead common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and five dead long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) varying in length from 2.5 m to 5 m. The dolphin and the smallest pilot whale were shot with both projectiles from the dorsal surface of the head. The projectiles penetrated the head and dorsal surface of the skull, but not the base of the cranium. This site using buckshot was not effective in the larger animals. Two whales between 3 and 4 m in length were shot with buckshot through the lateral side of the head caudal to and above the eye, without penetration of the contralateral side of the head. It is concluded that shooting smaller cetaceans with a shotgun can be effective and safe. Further work is required to develop more suitable projectiles for cetaceans up to the size of mature pilot whales.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Activity of a novel nonpeptidyl growth hormone secretagogue, L-700,653, in swine.

L-700,653 is a potent nonpeptidyl GH secretagogue consisting of a benzolactam structure: (4'-[[3(R)-[[3-[(2(S),3-dihydroxypropyl) amino]3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-oxo-1H-1-benzaze pin- 1-yl]methyl][1,1'-biphenyl]2-carboxamide hydrochloride). When administered sc by a Medi-Jector device at 0, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 mg/kg BW to male castrated swine (approximately 50 kg BW), L-700,653 stimulated dose-related increases in peak plasma GH concentrations by 20% (P = NS), 150% (P = NS), 250% (P < 0.05), and 340% (P < 0.05), respectively, over the saline vehicle control value (11.3 +/- 6.5 ng/ml) and stimulated increases in GH areas under the curve (AUCs) by 10% (P = NS), 30% (P = NS), 90% (P < 0.05), and 100% (P < 0.01), respectively, over the saline vehicle control value (799 +/- 145 ng/min.ml). After sc administration of L-700, 653, there were no significant changes in plasma LH levels. Subcutaneous dose of 0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg increased plasma cortisol AUCs by 60% (P = NS) and 150% (P < 0.03) over the control value (2461 +/- 935 ng/min.ml) and increased cortisol peaks by 80% (P = NS) and 200% (P < 0.01), respectively, over the control value (38.3 +/- 12.3 ng/ml). Repeated sc administration of L-700,653 (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg) at 0800, 1400, and 2000 h daily over 3 days consistently increased mean GH peak and GH AUC at each treatment period, with minimal and maximal increases of 40% and 190% in GH peak level at the 0.03 mg/kg dose and 100% and 400% increases in GH peak level at the 0.01 mg/kg dose, respectively. Continuous i.v. infusion of L-700,653, at either 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg BW.h over a 180-min period, increased GH AUCs by 60% (P = NS) or 470% (P < 0.01) and GH peaks by 190% (P = NS) or 1520% (P < 0.01), respectively, over the control value (589 +/- 313 ng/min.ml; 7.0 +/- 11.1 ng/ml). After a 180- to 300-min saline infusion, an iv bolus dose of 0.1 mg/kg L-700,653 resulted in GH responses inversely proportional to the previous infusion dose, i.e. 0, 0.01, or 0.1 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Mental illness: media perpetuation of stigma.

Content analysis of 83 newspaper articles from February 1991 to January 1993 was the chosen method to determine the role of newspapers in the portrayal of the mentally ill. Two emergent themes arose: the closure of a mental health hospital was viewed negatively; and the stereotypical perception of the mentally ill as violent and unpredictable was reinforced. Over the two year period of the study the shift in focus from the ideology of de-institutionalisation, funding issues, crisis and chaos in the mental health hospital eventuated in an emphasis on the negativity associated with mental illness.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

Australia's indigenous population: policy implications of demographic change.

"The demography of Australia's indigenous population is quite distinct from that of the mainstream.... Given the pressing policy significance of demographic analysis in indigenous affairs, three questions, in particular, appear of immediate relevance: How fast is the population growing and how is it likely to grow over the coming years? What is the age structure of the population and how is this likely to change? What is the spatial distribution of the population and how is this changing? This paper outlines the basic facts regarding each of these questions and considers the broad policy implications of indigenous population change into the new millennium."

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1995

Accident experience and notification rates in people with recent seizures, epilepsy or undiagnosed episodes of loss of consciousness.

Collaborating neurologists provided a central office with clinical information, driving experience and accident rates in all drivers they counselled after diagnosing seizures or other unexplained episodes of loss of consciousness. Each patient received and was asked to return a notification slip to DVLA. Of 638 patients counselled, 11% had been involved as a driver in a road traffic accident in the previous year. Six patients had been involved in an accident producing serious injury. These estimates do not differ from those expected in a population of non-epileptic drivers with the same age and sex distribution. Of patients counselled, 27.1% returned a reply slip to the DVLA. Notification was more likely if the patient was aged 50 or over at the time of counselling, if the counselling was undertaken by a consultant, if an accident had occurred in the previous year and if the subject had also been advised to start or was already taking anti-epileptic drugs. Patients counselled after a single seizure were more likely to notify than those with a diagnosis of epilepsy.

Accidents, Traffic↗