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Biomedical subjects

J Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to J Takeda.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of oral glucose administration on preproinsulin mRNA in rats in vivo.

An experiment was performed to examine whether the acute increase in insulin release induced by oral glucose ingestion is associated with alterations in pancreatic preproinsulin mRNA (PImRNA) levels. Rats either fed ad libitum or after overnight fast were used. Fasted rats were administered glucose orally in a conscious, unrestrained state. Pancreatic RNA was extracted and the relative level of PImRNA was determined by dot blot analysis with a cloned rat preproinsulin I cDNA probe. In fasted animals PImRNA levels decreased compared with those of fed animals and showed no significant changes after acute glucose administration, while blood glucose and plasma insulin increased rapidly to maximum values at 15 min after glucose administration. Although the transcription rate was not directly measured in this experiment, it is possible that the rapid increase in insulin release from the beta cell under physiological conditions is controlled by post-transcriptional regulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the human insulin receptor gene in Japanese: its possible usefulness as a genetic marker.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the human insulin receptor gene was analyzed with a 4.2 Kb cDNA probe in Japanese normal subjects and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Restriction endonuclease Rsa I digestion showed polymorphism of the human insulin receptor gene, with a band at 6.7 Kb, 6.2 Kb or 3.6 Kb. The frequency of the 6.7 Kb band was less than that in Caucasians. Furthermore, 15% of all the Japanese subjects examined lacked a 3.6 Kb band, which is commonly found in Caucasians. We have also detected restriction fragment length polymorphism in the human insulin receptor gene by Pvu II or Stu I digestion. Although no significant association of restriction fragment length polymorphism with Type 2 diabetes was found in the present study, our results suggest that the restriction fragment length polymorphism in the human insulin receptor gene varies among ethnic groups, and that the restriction fragment length polymorphism linked to the human insulin receptor gene might be a useful marker for the linkage study of the genes located close to the human insulin receptor gene on chromosome 19.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Possible involvement of calmodulin and the cytoskeleton in electrofusion of plant protoplasts.

Calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, calmidazolium, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), strongly inhibited the electrofusion of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Moor) protoplasts with a marked increase of broken fusion products, after 60 minutes of incubation. W-5, a dechlorinated analog of W-7, was found less effective for the inhibition than W-7. Ethyleneglycol-bis(beta- aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid a Ca(2+) chelator, La(3+), a surface Ca(2+) antagonist, and verapamil, a Ca(2+) channel blocker, also inhibited electrofusion. Dielectrophoresis was inhibited by La(3+). A microtubule inhibitor, vinblastine, inhibited electrofusion strongly while colchicine, slightly. A microfilament inhibitor, cytochalasin B, promoted fused cells to become spherical while phalloidin did not affect electrofusion.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Number of hits necessary for complement-mediated hemolysis.

The number of hits necessary for the C8 and C9 steps of immune hemolysis was reexamined with a previously unemployed experimental design, in which various numbers of EAC1-7, excess of the supplementary component and a constant amount of the component tested were incubated in a constant volume (Inoue et al. 1976. Infect. Immun. 13: 337). Our results were consistent with previous findings; the steps of guinea pig C8 and C9, the human C8 each followed a one-hit mechanism, while that of human C9 showed ka multi-hit response. When lysis of sensitized erythrocytes (EA) by normal human serum was analysed in a similar way, one-hit curves were obtained. This result, taken together with the above results, suggests that immune hemolysis occurs by a single lesion including a single C8 and multiple C9 in the case of human complement and that normal human serum contains sufficient excess of C9. On the other hand, when C9-deficient human serum was used for lysis of EA, multiple-hit curves were obtained. The mechanism of lysis by C5b-8 may differ from that by C5b-9.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Normal stomach wall and gastric cancer: evaluation with high-resolution operative US.

Operative ultrasound examinations were performed using a 7.5-MHz transducer during nine operations for advanced gastric cancers and during six for early cancers. Normal stomach wall showed five layers that corresponded to histologic structures. Fourteen of 15 tumors, including nonpalpable early cancers, were localized with ultrasonography. In addition, both depth of penetration and lateral wall extension of the gastric cancers were precisely determined with this technique. Our preliminary results indicate that high-resolution operative ultrasonography may become a diagnostic aid during gastric cancer operations.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

The polymorphism linked to the human insulin gene: its lack of association with either IDDM or NIDDM in Japanese.

Polymorphism of 5' portion of the human insulin gene was examined in 188 unrelated Japanese subjects (49 normal, 71 with IDDM, and 68 with NIDDM) using restriction endonuclease analysis. Restriction fragments were classified according to the insertion size: Class 1 (600 base pairs), Class 2 (1300 base pairs), and Class 3 (2000 base pairs). We found a very high frequency of Class 1 alleles (96.8%) and a low frequency of both Class 2 (0.8%) and Class 3 alleles (2.4%) and that approximately 94% of the genotypes were Class 1/Class 1 homozygote. In addition, there was no correlation of allelic or genotypic frequency with NIDDM or IDDM. We conclude that length polymorphism of the human insulin gene cannot be a useful marker for diabetes in Japanese.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1986

[Basic and clinical studies on cefotaxime].

The most frequently encountered infectious disease in the field of internal medicine is respiratory tract infections. One of the most important requirements for an antibiotic in the treatment of infections is that it must be efficiently transferred to the infected site to attain a high concentration there. In the case of respiratory tract infections, it is desirable for the drug concentration in the sputum to be higher than the MIC for the causative bacterium. Cefotaxime (CTX) expresses potent antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which are the major causative bacteria of respiratory tract infections. CTX also exerts antibacterial effects against a wide range of other bacteria. We administered CTX to patients with respiratory tract infections, then measured and compared the drug concentrations in the serum and sputum. The results are described below. When 2 g of CTX was drip-infused, the drug concentration in the serum was 113.0 micrograms/ml at 5 minutes after the completion of infusion, 64.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 38.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 19.0 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 8.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 3.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. The drug concentration in the sputum was 1.29 micrograms/ml at 5 minutes after completion of infusion, 1.54 micrograms/ml at 5 to 30 minutes, 1.36 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes to 1 hour, 1.47 micrograms/ml at 1 to 2 hours, 1.12 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 hours and 1.35 micrograms/ml at 4 to 6 hours. The drug concentration in the serum was the highest at 5 minutes after completion of the drip-infusion, and then it gradually decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of truncal vagotomy on GIP release induced by intraduodenal glucose or fat in dogs.

In order to elucidate the role of the vagus nerve in the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), mongrel dogs were given a 4-min intraduodenal infusion of 10 g glucose or 5 g soybean oil before and again 1 month after truncal vagotomy (TV). The basal GIP concentrations were significantly elevated after TV. The plasma GIP levels following glucose infusion in the vagotomized dogs were significantly higher than those in the untreated dogs, whereas the GIP levels following fat infusion were not affected by TV. These results suggest that TV influences glucose-induced GIP release but not fat-induced GIP release, indicating that different mechanisms of the vagus nerve may be involved in glucose- and fat-induced GIP secretions.

Animals↗