Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J T Sinnott

Publications and source records attributed to J T Sinnott.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ehrlichiosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

BK virus.

BK virus is a human polyoma virus that infects the renal epithelium and remains latent until immunosuppression triggers reactivation. After reactivation, BK virus can be detected in the urine by methods currently available in the clinical laboratory. Correlations can be made between BK viruria and the occurrence of both renal and hepatic pathologies. BK virus is emerging as a significant pathogen in transplant patients. Additionally, the presence of BK virus DNA in primary brain and pancreatic tumors suggests that it may have oncogenic potential. Thus far, attempts to treat BK virus infection have been ineffective, though research has opened new avenues for treatment possibilities. Prevention of BK virus and other latent viral reactivation remains a challenge to viral research.

BK Virus↗
PubMed1992

An interesting case presentation: peripartum meningococcal meningitis.

Meningococcal disease during pregnancy is extremely rare. A single reported case occurred more than 20 years ago in England. We present the case of a young woman who just hours after delivery of her baby developed fulminant meningococcal meningitis with its classic findings. Our experience illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate therapy of meningococcal disease in the gravid as well as in the nongravid population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Murine typhus: forgotten but not gone.

An occasional patient presents the classical symptoms of a disease that has become uncommon. Typhus is an example of such a disease, since it is now well contained through control of its rodent reservoir. It is readily treated with tetracycline or one of its long-acting analogues, doxycycline or minocycline. Because typhus is infrequently encountered, the physician may not initially include it in his differential diagnosis. Our case serves as a remainder that with the increasingly frequent movement of persons from one geographic area to another, the uncommon rickettsial infection, murine typhus, should continue to be in the differential of a febrile patient. Furthermore, our case underscores the importance of including typhus in the differential of typhoid fever.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Lyme borreliosis.

Lyme borreliosis is a complex infectious process that primarily involves the skin, heart, joints, and nervous systems. The infectious agent is the spirochete B burgdorferi, which is transmitted by the Ixodes genus of ticks. The clinical presentations of Lyme disease are protean because of the overlap of stages and varied organ system involvement. Furthermore, as previously mentioned, approximately one-third of Lyme patients are unable to recall a tick bite. Lyme borreliosis should be suspected in anyone with a tick bite. The findings of an EM lesion and flu-like symptoms strongly favor the diagnosis of stage 1 disease. Stage 2 evolves weeks to months after a tick bite, with cardiac and neurological findings as well as musculoskeletal pain. Stage 3 primarily manifests itself as arthritis associated with continuing or additional neurologic complications. Serologic studies are currently the most practical laboratory aid in diagnosis, because almost all infected individuals have a positive antibody response to the spirochete. Treatment with antibiotics usually proves successful, although longer courses of therapy may be needed in later stages of the disease, and some patients may not respond.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Postanginal sepsis with dysphagia.

We have described a 10-year-old girl who had dysphagia followed abruptly by arthritis. Streptococcus pyogenes was identified as the pathogen by fasciotomy with bone biopsy, and a tonsillar fluid collection confirmed the diagnosis of postanginal sepsis. The patient was cured by a 6-week course of parenteral antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Use of antibiotics during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is occasionally complicated by infections that necessitate antibiotic therapy. When considering therapeutic options for pregnant women, both the physiologic changes of pregnancy and the prenatal effects of the drug must be weighed. Antibiotics should be selected with regard to the trimester of pregnancy. Some antibiotics are safe for use throughout pregnancy, while others are completely contraindicated. Choosing the proper antibiotic requires balancing the seriousness of the infection with the antibiotic's safety and antimicrobial activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-type I.

HTLV-I is a retrovirus now identified as the etiologic agent of two diverse disease processes: ATLL, an aggressive T-cell malignancy; and TSP/HAM, a chronic progressive myelopathy. Transmission can occur horizontally through blood transfusions, IV drug abuse and sexual intercourse. Vertical transmission may also occur. Available diagnostic modalities are serologic in nature and include the EIA and the more specific confirmatory assays WIB and RIPA. These studies are thus far suboptimal in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and await refinement. DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction seems to hold the most immediate diagnostic promise for the future. AZT apparently is not useful clinically, and current treatment is only palliative in nature. The diverse diseases caused by HTLV-I underscore the insidious nature of the Retroviridae family. These subtle cell-associated pathogens will undoubtedly be shown to play a significant role in other disease processes of uncertain etiology.

HTLV-I Infections↗
PubMed1990

Nocardia brasiliensis cellulitis in a heart transplant patient.

Three months after undergoing heart transplantation, a 55-year-old man presented with N. brasiliensis cellulitis resulting from a splinter wound acquired during yard work. Surgical débridement was necessary before the infection responded to medical treatment. Although pulmonary nocardiosis is a well-documented complication of immunosuppressive therapy, this is the 1st report of a nocardial infection associated with primary skin involvement in a heart transplant patient.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Mycobacterial infections in the transplant patient.

Mycobacterial infections in the transplant recipient differ considerably from those occurring in the normal host. The incidences of active disease, atypical disease, and extrapulmonary disease, especially dissemination, are all increased. These differences are reflected clinically in an increased mortality (30%) and a high rate (37%) of infection associated with rejection. The clinician must rely on sparse data to draw conclusions regarding prophylaxis and therapy. In general, cyclosporine-related drug interactions must be constantly monitored. Pyrazinamide should replace rifampin whenever cyclosporine is in use. Prompt recognition of the diverse presentations of mycobacterial disease and definitive diagnosis and treatment will improve outcome.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Tuberculous osteomyelitis masked by concomitant staphylococcal infection.

A systematic and easily reproduced bone protocol was used over a 14-month period to evaluate bone histologically and by mycobacterial culture in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. On examination of 140 bone specimens, we found four patients with unsuspected tuberculous osteomyelitis whose diagnosis was obscured by a concomitant staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Three of the patients had axial skeleton involvement, and one had disease of the femur. No patient had a history of a positive skin test or of tuberculous disease, and none had coexistent pulmonary disease. The underlying granulomatous infection was initially revealed in one patient by histologic examination of bone and in three others only by mycobacterial culture of bone. Concomitant osseous tuberculosis should be excluded in patients with staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Evaluation using a bone protocol with histologic study and culture on Löwenstein-Jensen medium is effective in diagnosing occult osseous tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postanginal sepsis. A pain in the neck.

The primary care physician must be on the alert when a patient presents with a sore throat, signs of sepsis, and a rapidly deteriorating condition. Recognition of this distinct clinical presentation should lead to the diagnosis of postanginal sepsis. Once this diagnosis is suspected, therapy with an antibiotic that provides coverage against streptococci and anaerobes should be initiated promptly, and a drainable focus of infection should be excluded.

Adult↗