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Biomedical subjects

J T Shuval

Publications and source records attributed to J T Shuval.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Primary care and social control.

Role performance in primary care becomes problematic when a disproportionate emphasis is placed on the physician's legitimizing function which is geared to endorse entry into the sick role so that he is less able to devote himself to curative or preventive tasks. Israel is used as an example of a society in which the delivery system of medical care has moved far in this direction as a result of pressures both from consumers and from the wider social system. The former utilize the medical care system for its latent as well as for its manifest functions, while the latter makes use of it for legitimation of role avoidance and for allocation of scare resources on the assumption that universalistic criteria of medical need are used in these processes. Excessive utilization rates of clinical facilities and dissatisfaction among primary care physicians are apparently among the dysfunctional results of these patterns. Some questions are raised as to the implications of placing major social control mechanisms in the hands of the medical care system which in effect is not really geared to handle these tasks.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1976

Transactions of an international conference. Worldwide concern: better dental care for more people. An international collaborative study. How social surveys were conducted.

It is assumed that utilization of dental care services and hence the state of oral health is dependent on social and psychological characteristics of both consumers and providers. The sociological variables studied included the basic facts of age, sex, residence and socioeconomic status. Attitudes to general health care, past oral health care and self assessment of oral health status were also investigated. Accessibility of oral health care facilities in terms of cost, loss of time and distance travelled was assessed, as was the consumers estimate of the dentist's sensitivity and competence, his attitude to preventive care, aesthetic values and knowledge of oral health care measures. Sociologists from the participating countries cooperated in the formulation of questionnaires which could be applied with comparable results despite differences in language and culture. Adults were interviewed in their own homes while younger groups completed the questionnaire in school under the supervision of the researchers. In all cases the sociological survey preceded the clinical examination to reduce the introduction of bias. The data were collected in Geneva and analysed to determine the extent to which oral health status could be related to perception of need, personal oral health practices, availability, accessibility, acceptability and utilization of services. Further analysis may help to determine whether observed differences between populations relate more to the characteristics of the systems of dental care or to features inherent in the population of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Socialization of health proffessionals in Israel: early sources of congruence and differentiation.

In the longitudinal study reported here a comparison was made of changes in basic professional orientations of students during the first three years of professional socialization four health fields in Israel: medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and nursing. Data are analyzed from the same groups at three points: prior to entry, at the end of year one, and at the end of year three. The image of the "competent" professional is analyzed in terms of a set of underlying traits which in all four populations are shown to group themselves empirically into three dominant components: People, Science, and Status. The priorities accorded to these components are quite similar in all four professions, suggesting a common basic orientation among them. The analysis also points to different levels of absolute emphasis on the components and to changes in patterns of emphasis during the early stages of socilization.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗