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Biomedical subjects

J T Lin

Publications and source records attributed to J T Lin.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Diagnosis of gastric polypoid lesions by magnifying endoscopy and dye endoscopy.

From July 1989 to June 1990, a total of 19 patients with gastric polyps were studied by magnifying endoscopy and dye endoscopy. After pretreatment with pronase, both close and magnified pictures were observed before and after sprays of 0.2% indigo carmine. Polypectomy or multiple biopsies were done after endoscopic examinations. Of the 19 patients; 13 were classified as hyperplastic polyps and 6 as neoplastic polyps by histologic examination. Twelve of the 13 hyperplastic polyps showed regular sulciolar or sulciolar-mesh mucosal patterns after magnification, only 1 showed an irregular sulciolar-mesh pattern. All 6 neoplastic polyps showed irregular or destructive mucosal patterns. Hyperplastic polyps have a significantly higher rate of regular, fine gastric mucosal patterns. Contrast staining with indigo carmine did not significantly improve the observations. We conclude that magnifying endoscopy is useful in the diagnosis of gastric polyps; polyps with fine, regular gastric pits indicate a diagnosis of hyperplastic polyps, while irregular or destructive mucosal patterns suggest a high possibility of neoplastic polyps.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1991

Minimal role of hepatitis B virus in posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in Taiwan: a study by polymerase chain reaction.

Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay for the antibody to the hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), we studied the serum samples of 18 patients with posttransfusion non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis in a prospective study. They were all negative for both the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the IgM antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) by radioimmunoassay and were all negative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by dot blot hybridization. Eleven patients were positive for anti-HCV in the posttransfusion sera and 2 were already positive in the pretransfusion sera. Therefore, seroconversion of anti-HCV was noted in 9 patients. Two of these 18 patients were positive for HBV DNA by PCR in the posttransfusion sera and one of the 2 patients was also positive in the pretransfusion serum sample. The patient positive for HBV DNA in both pre and posttransfusion sera seroconverted to anti-HCV, while the patient positive for HBV DNA only in the posttransfusion sera was not seroconverted. We conclude that HBV plays minimal role in patients with posttransfusion NANB hepatitis in Taiwan even studied by PCR.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study of gastric histopathology after partial gastrectomy between the gastroenterostomy area and gastric body.

One hundred and thirty partially gastrectomized subjects, who had been operated on for benign peptic ulcers, were studied to assess the histologic changes in the remaining gastric mucosa and its implications for gastric carcinogenesis. Endoscopic examination and multiple mucosal biopsies from the gastroenterostomy area and gastric body were compared histopathologically. Gastric carcinoma was found in two instances among these 130 patients, making a prevalence rate of 1.5% for carcinoma in the residual stomach. Chronic atrophic gastritis and pseudopyloric metaplasia were found to have developed more often in the gastroenterostomy mucosa than in the gastric body mucosa (p less than 0.001). The mean value of the gastritis score for gastroenterostomy mucosa (2.7 +/- 1.3) was statistically higher than that for the gastric body (2.1 +/- 1.0; p less than 0.001). The degree and types of histologic alteration in the gastric mucosa were also affected by the type of operation and by the postoperative duration. The mean value of the gastritis score and the frequency of pseudopyloric metaplasia, whether in the gastroenterostomy area and/or at the gastric body, were higher in Billroth II resections than in Billroth I resections. The gastritis score and the frequency of pseudopyloric metaplasia increased as the postoperative period increased. However, in the same postoperative period, the mean values of the gastritis score and the frequency of pseudopyloric metaplasia were higher in the gastroenterostomy mucosa than in the gastric body. Gastric dysplasia was more common in the gastroenterostomy area than in the gastric body. Patients who had received a Billroth II resection and those with a longer postoperative period had a higher frequency of gastric dysplasia.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on early-stage primary biliary cirrhosis.

Primary biliary cirrhosis is a rare chronic liver disease in Taiwan, which eventually causes mortality. As yet, no safe and effective treatment has been found. To investigate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of recently introduced ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, an uncontrolled trial was conducted in 6 patients in the early stages (I-II) and 5 patients in the late stages (III-IV). Five patients in stage I and one patient in stage II were treated with 10-15 mg/kg/day UDCA for a mean administration period of 13 +/- 9 months. Levels of laboratory tests including serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) improved significantly within one month and were sustained at the new lower levels for the period of observation. The symptoms of one patient with pruritus were reduced after long-term therapy. No major side effects were found during the treatment period. In contrast to early-stage patients, patients with late-stage primary biliary cirrhosis who received UDCA therapy for a mean duration of 25 +/- 5 months showed no beneficial effects either clinically or biochemically. From these preliminary results, UDCA appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of early-stage primary biliary cirrhosis, although further controlled clinical trials in conjunction with histological follow-up are mandatory to evaluate the critical role of UDCA in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mechanisms of sensitivity and natural resistance to antifolates in a methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma.

A methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma that can be propagated in vitro or in vivo was evaluated for resistance to antifolates and was found to be relatively resistant to methotrexate and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin but sensitive to trimetrexate. Rat sarcoma cell extracts contained low levels of dihydrofolate reductase activity, the target enzyme of methotrexate, and inhibition of this enzyme by these three antifolates was similar. Transport studies showed poor uptake of both methotrexate and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin. In contrast, trimetrexate achieved high intracellular levels. The poor uptake of methotrexate was not due to lack of polyglutamylation. Thus, the basis for natural resistance to methotrexate and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin, compared with trimetrexate, in this rat sarcoma cell line was due to decreased transport of these drugs.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical application of Chinese forearm flap: 5-year review].

Twenty-nine patients treated with the Chinese forearm flap from 1985 to 1989 were reviewed. This flap was used for soft tissue defect reconstruction in 19 cases, and phallus reconstruction in 10 patients. There were two cases of total flap failure and two cases of partial failure. Twenty cases used sensory flaps. Donor site complications included partial loss of the skin graft with tendon exposure in one patient (3.4%), limitation of range of movement of the wrist joint in one case (3.4%), and paresthesia over the radial site of the hand in 12 patients. On functional evaluation, 20 patients demonstrated no significant loss of strength in the donor extremity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Measurements of P-V curves of the lungs and its use in clinical assessment].

Pressure-volume curves of the lungs in 112 healthy nonsmokers and 39 patients with obstructive emphysema or pulmonary interstitial diseases were studied. Normal values by decade/sex groups and regression formulas for dynamic compliance at 20 breath/min (CLdyn20), statis lung compliance (CLst) and maximal static lung recoil pressure (Pst(L)max) against age, height, weight, and body surface area were calculated. Various factors affecting the lung compliance we studied. Our studies confirmed the high CLst, loss of Pst(L)max in patients with obstructive pulmonary emphysema, and also showed that there are reduction of CLst and increase of Pst(L)max in patients with pulmonary interstitial diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on coronary atherosclerosis among men at high risk for cardiovascular events was assessed by quantitative arteriography. Of 146 men no more than 62 years of age who had apolipoprotein B levels greater than or equal to 125 mg per deciliter, documented coronary artery disease, and a family history of vascular disease, 120 completed the 2 1/2-year double-blind study, which included arteriography at base line and after treatment. Patients were given dietary counseling and were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: lovastatin (20 mg twice a day) and colestipol (10 g three times a day); niacin (1 g four times a day) and colestipol (10 g three times a day); or conventional therapy with placebo (or colestipol if the low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol level was elevated). RESULTS: The levels of LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol changed only slightly in the conventional-therapy group (mean changes, -7 and +5 percent, respectively), but more substantially among patients treated with lovastatin and colestipol (-46 and +15 percent) or niacin and colestipol (-32 and +43 percent). In the conventional-therapy group, 46 percent of the patients had definite lesion progression (and no regression) in at least one of nine proximal coronary segments; regression was the only change in 11 percent. By comparison, progression (as the only change) was less frequent among patients who received lovastatin and colestipol (21 percent) and those who received niacin and colestipol (25 percent), and regression was more frequent (lovastatin and colestipol, 32 percent; niacin and colestipol, 39 percent; P less than 0.005). Multivariate analysis indicated that a reduction in the level of apolipoprotein B (or LDL cholesterol) and in systolic blood pressure, and an increase in HDL cholesterol correlated independently with regression of coronary lesions. Clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization for worsening symptoms) occurred in 10 of 52 patients assigned to conventional therapy, as compared with 3 of 46 assigned to receive lovastatin and colestipol and 2 of 48 assigned to receive niacin and colestipol (relative risk of an event during intensive treatment, 0.27; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: In men with coronary artery disease who were at high risk for cardiovascular events, intensive lipid-lowering therapy reduced the frequency of progression of coronary lesions, increased the frequency of regression, and reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hepatitis C virus in a prospective study of posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in Taiwan.

Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), serial serum samples from 26 non-A, non-B (NANB) posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) patients were studied in a prospective study in Taiwan. Sixteen (61.5%) of the 26 patients were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Two of the 16 patients were positive for anti-HCV before transfusion. The remaining 10 patients were negative for anti-HCV antibodies. The rate of anti-HCV seroconversion is, therefore, 58.5%. Of the 14 patients with anti-HCV seroconversion, three were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. The time of seroconversion for anti-HCV ranges from 2 to 24 weeks after the first elevation of ALT (mean: of 8.7 weeks,) or 6-32 weeks from the date of transfusion (mean: 13 weeks). Twelve (85.7%) of the 14 anti-HCV seroconverted patients had persistent abnormal ALT 6 months after the onset of hepatitis in contrast to 30% of chronicity in the anti-HCV-negative patients. The results suggest that HCV is the major causative agent in NANB PTH in Taiwan, and patients positive for anti-HCV have a higher risk of chronicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hereditary pancreatitis in a Chinese family.

In a Chinese family with hereditary pancreatitis, two members are proven to have chronic pancreatitis. The propositus, a 31-year-old man, had epigastric pain since the age of 18. Multiple calcifications in the region of the pancreas were seen on plain film of the abdomen, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. Pancreatolithotomy and side-to-side pancreatojejunostomy gave symptomatic improvement. His 60-year-old mother also had pancreatic calcifications in addition to diabetes. Known causes of secondary pancreatitis, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperparathyroidism, and amino aciduria, were ruled out in both patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas--a case report and review of the literature.

A case of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas associated with diabetes mellitus and dilated biliary trees was reported. Preoperative diagnosis was made by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography. Laparotomy revealed a normal head of the pancreas but complete agenesis of the body and tail. Biopsy specimens removed from the head showed normal pancreatic tissue but only fat tissue from the presumed body and tail. This anomaly has rarely been reported in the literature. A thorough review of the literature was made and consideration of differential diagnosis was discussed.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1990

Irreversible inhibition of renal Na(+)-Pi cotransporter by alpha-bromophosphonoacetic acid.

We investigated the suitability of alpha-bromophosphonoacetic acid (alpha-BrPAA) to act as a possible irreversible inhibitor of Na(+)-dependent transport of Pi across renal brush-border membrane (BBM). When added directly into the Pi uptake medium, alpha-BrPAA causes specific, competitive [apparent inhibition constant (Ki) = 0.33 mM; no change in maximum velocity (Vmax)], and reversible (by washing) inhibition of Na+ gradient [Na+o greater than Na+i]-dependent uptake of Pi by BBM vesicles (BBMV). Next, BBMV were preincubated with 5 mM alpha-BrPAA in alkaline (pH 9) medium for 30 min, then twice washed by 1:100 dilution and recentrifugation, and tested for transport and other properties. This preincubation of BBMV with alpha-BrPAA in alkaline medium resulted in a different type of inhibition [lower Vmax; no change in Michaelis constant (Km)] of the Na+ gradient-dependent uptake of 32Pi, whereas the uptakes of D-[3H]glucose and other solutes were not altered. This inhibition of Pi transport was not reversed by dilution and washing of BBMV. The BBMV Na(+)-dependent binding of [14C]phosphonoformic acid, but not of [3H]phlorizin, was decreased; activities of BBM marker enzymes were not changed. Results suggest that alpha-BrPAA binds onto the same locus on luminal surface of BBM on which Pi and Na+ bind and inhibits Na(+)-Pi cotransporter similar to phosphonoformic acid. Furthermore, after a 30-min incubation in alkaline medium, alpha-BrPAA apparently forms a more stable association with BBM in the vicinity of the Na(+)-Pi cotransporter. We thus suggest that alpha-BrPAA acts under these conditions as an apparently irreversible inhibitor of Na(+)-Pi cotransporter in BBM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Non-surgical radical treatment of early gastric cancer by endoscopic contact Nd-YAG laser: report of a case.

A case of flat-elevated type (IIa) early gastric cancer completely eradicated with contact Nd-YAG laser is reported. The patient was diagnosed as having early gastric cancer (type IIa) by endoscopic examination. Biopsy revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. He declined surgery and subsequently received 4 sessions of contact Nd-YAG laser treatment with a total output of 1245 watt-sec. An ulceration was created by the end of the third session of laser treatment. He finally agreed to surgery and a subtotal gastrectomy was performed after completion of four sessions of therapy. Meticulous histologic examination of the resected specimens revealed no residual cancer cells. This is the first report of endoscopic curative treatment of gastric cancer by contact Nd-YAG laser in Taiwan. This technique may provide an alternative for patients with early gastric cancer, who have a high surgical risk.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Acute effects of smoking a single cigarette on airway dynamics].

The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve (MEFV) and airway resistance (Raw) were studied before and after smoking a single cigarette in 51 male and 51 female healthy nonsmokers. The results showed that there was a significant increase in Raw after smoking, but no change in MEFV. The acute airway response after smoking a single cigarette represents vagally mediated protective reflex. Raw is the most sensitive test in detecting acute airway constriction. There is no sexual difference in acute effects of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Structural requirement of monophosphates for inhibition of Na+-Pi cotransport in renal brush border membrane.

Using the chemical structural analogs of phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) and related phosphonate compounds, we investigated which structural features are required for competitive inhibition of Na+-Pi cotransport in rat renal cortical brush border membrane (BBM) vesicles (BBMV). The effects of compounds on [Nao+ greater than Nai+]-gradient-dependent 32Pi uptake by BBMV were examined using various inhibitor-to-32Pi concentration ratios in the transport assay medium. The replacement of a phosphono-group with an arsono-group in PAA, or the substitution of a carboxylic group in PAA by an amino or hydroxyl group, totally abolished the inhibitory action on Na+-Pi cotransport. Decreased electronegativity of carboxyl in PAA by coupling with hydrazine or hydroxylamine lowered the inhibitory potenty of PAA. Substitution of H at the alpha-carbon of PAA with ethyl or p-Cl-phenyl groups completely abolished the inhibitory activity, whereas alpha-halogenation with Br greatly increased the inhibitory potency of PAA, close to that of phosphonoformic acid (PFA). The inhibition by all the active tested monophosphates was strictly competitive. The tested compounds displaced [14C]PFA pre-bound onto BBMV in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. The ability of monophosphates to inhibit Na+-Pi cotransport across BBM and the binding of [14C]PFA were closely correlated (r = 0.925; P greater than 0.001). These results show that: (a) strong electronegativity at both ends of the PAA molecule is needed for inhibitory action, (b) an alpha-aliphatic or aromatic substituent at the alpha-carbon probably hinders the access of the inhibitor to the Pi-binding site of the Na+-Pi cotransporter in BBM, whereas (c) an alpha-electrophilic substituent--Br--enhances the inhibitory potency of PAA. The tested compounds inhibited Na+-Pi cotransport by binding, in the presence of Na+, on the same site on the luminal surface of BBM as did PFA and, by extension, Pi.

Animals↗