Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J T Jones.
A modified syringe capable of automatic injection and suitable for use with a blow-gun is described. The syringe has been used successfully with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) under confined conditions. Desirable characteristics for blow-gun syringes are discussed.
Cellulose acetate zymograms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) extracted from male reproductive tissues of inbred mice were examined. ADH isozymes were differentially distributed in these tissues of C3H/He mice; ADH-B2 was observed in all tissues and testis cellular preparations examined; ADH-C2 was localized predominantly in the epididymis but was also present in the seminal vesicles, coagulating gland, and prostate gland. SDH was broadly distributed in these tissues but exhibited highest activities in the seminal vesicles, coagulating glands, and germinal cells of mature testes. Genetic variants for ADH-C2 and SDH provided evidence for (1) the identity of a second form of SDH in epididymis with ADH-C2; (2) the genetic identity of kidney, seminal vesicle, and testis SDH; and (3) the gentic identity of stomach and epididymal ADH-C2. Developmental changes in testis and epididymal ADH isozymes during maturation were examined. ADH-C2 appeared in the mature epididymis whereas ADH-B2 exhibited no major changes in activity in testis and epididymis during development.
The activity of G6PD was examined by spectrophotometric and electrophoretic assays in cell fractions from the testes of mice at different ages (5-62 days). (1) The G6PD activity of the cells of the seminiferous tubule was as high or higher than that of the interstitial tissue. (2) The high G6PD activity of the testis of the immature mouse was mainly due to a high specific activity of the Sertoli cells which declined with age. (3) The G6PD activity was more easily lost during culture from the germinal cells than from the interstitial or Sertoli cells. (4) All the cell types of the testis contained G6PD and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The functional significance of the high G6PD activity in the Sertoli cells of immature mice is not at present understood.
Data were collected from seven generations of selection for reduced time interval between oviposition in a line of Single Comb White Leghorns. This study involved 151 sires, 539 dams, and 2100 female progeny. Oviposition time was measured from 174 to 280 days of age. The only deliberate selection practiced was for reduced oviposition time interval. The mating system was random with the restriction of full or half sib matings. The reduction in oviposition time interval has been 73 minutes or 4.8 percent. There were no significant changes for total egg number, body weight or age at first egg. Rate of lay after reaching 50 percent production to 280 days has increased (P less than .07). Egg weight has declined five percent. Heritability estimates for intra-clutch time interval from correlations were .33 +/- .08, .36 +/- .09 and .35 +/- .15 by sire, dam, and combined components, respectively, .36 +/- .15 by regression of offspring on dam and .39 for realized. The magnitude of the selection differential decreased, over time. The genetic correlation of time interval with early production (280 days) was --.43 +/- .13, and with total egg production (500 days) was .20 +/- .27. The genetic correlations of time interval with egg weight and age at first egg were high and positive; and with body weight, it was negative. The increase in clutch size and the days between clutches during the time of this study were both highly significant.
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Mescaline (25 mg/kg; 66 muc/kg) was injected (ip) in mice 45 min before chlorpromazine (CPZ, 2.5, 5, 15 mg/kg), thioridazine (10, 30, 45 mg/kg), or chlorpromazine-sulfoxide (CPZ-SO, 15 mg/kg). Excitement, agitation, slight increase in ventilation and occasional head-shaking were seen 30 min after mescaline and continued for 30-45 min thereafter; locomotor activity and the number of scratching events were significantly increased during this period. CPZ (2.5, 5, 15 mg/kg) and thioridazine (10, 30, 45 mg/kg) partially or completely blocked mescaline-induced gross behavior; CPZ-SO (15 mg/kg) was not effective. Increased scratching responses and locomotor activity induced by mescaline were antagonized by all doses of CPZ and thioridazine; at higher doses, both CPZ (7.5, 15 mg/kg) and thioridazine (45 mg/kg) induced cataleptic-like condition and marked hypothermia. Tissue levels of mescaline, examined 3 hr after its administration, were increased by all doses of CPZ and a higher dose of thioridazine (45 mg/kg); CPZ-SO and lower doses of thioridazine had no effect.
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Adding detergent to urine intended for drug testing is one of many ways to adulterate the specimen. This modified methylene blue procedure allows the detection and quantitation of anionic surfactants in urine. One-hundred urine specimens that exhibited normal foaming when shaken gave anionic surfactant values lower than 36 microg/mL with a mean of 8.73 microg/mL. Most of the suspected adulterated specimens and spiked samples with only 100 microL of detergent in 60 mL of urine had values greater than 750 microg/mL. Based on the analysis of negative samples, a urine specimen with an anionic surfactant level of 100 microg/mL or greater could be considered adulterated and most likely will have levels greater than 800 microg/mL.
Staff nurses (n = 403) and nurse executives (n = 82) were surveyed to determine the continuing education (CE) needs of hospital-based nurses in Alabama. Nurse executives preferred on-site, live offerings on Wednesday. Staff nurses preferred on-site, live offerings on Monday or Tuesday. Findings indicated that there was a difference in: (a) nurse executives' and staff nurses' perception of reimbursement policies, (b) nurse executives' and staff nurses' choice for days of week preferred, and (c) reimbursement policies and practices for RNs and LPNs.
The authors describe a novel system for sensing and displaying the distribution of contact pressure caused by a patient's lying on a hospital bed. The system includes a flexible, pressure-sensitive mat, electronics to activate the mat, a small computer to process data, and a color video display. The present prototypes can sense pressure at 1,536 discrete locations in a rectangular grid of 24 x 64 nodes, each node representing an area of 4 cm2. The computer receives data from each node and displays the results as a false-color map, refreshable every 5 seconds. The pressure-sensitive mat itself includes two orthogonal arrays of ribbon-like conductors, composed of silver-coated nylon fabric, which are separated by insulating open-cell foam rubber. The system monitors the electrical capacitance between selected pairs of horizontal and vertical conductors on opposite sides of the foam. The crossing points form pressure-sensitive nodes. Increased contact pressure compresses the foam, thereby decreasing the distance between the conductors and increasing the capacitance. Node capacitance is determined by measuring the current through it from a voltage source. The outputs of the various nodes are scanned, normalized, and converted to pressures using the known compressive stress-strain relationship for the foam, and the data are then displayed as a false-color image of the pressure distribution.
This paper describes the concept of effective mass, which provides a quantitative explanation for the forbidden indicator phenomenon. The forbidden indicator phenomenon pertains to the problems encountered when the concentration of an indicator used to measure volume or flow by the indicator-dilution technique approaches the concentration of the solution to which it is to be added. This phenomenon is of particular concern when applying the saline-dilution method with hypertonic saline, to measurement of cardiac output. Clinically, one would like to give as little additional salt to a patient as possible while maintaining a signal-to-noise ratio adequate to give reliable results. This paper develops an equation that permits accurate calculation of volume or flow by the indicator-dilution method, even when indicator solutions with concentrations approaching that of the original solution are used (i.e., the forbidden indicator). The validity of this equation is demonstrated experimentally using the saline-dilution method to measure flow in a hydraulic model of the circulation.
The prevalence of most behavioral risk factors varies substantially among states. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking ranges from 22 percent to 38 percent. Estimates of alcohol use show geographic clustering, with lower rates in the southeastern states. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle, uncontrolled hypertension, overweight, and seatbelt use differs markedly among states. These findings represent an initial step toward the analysis of state-specific baseline risk-factor data for use in developing state programs aimed at reducing the leading causes of death in the United States.
Behavioral risk factor (BRF) telephone surveys were conducted by 28 states and the District of Columbia from April 1981 through October 1983 to obtain baseline prevalence estimates for risk factors associated with the leading causes of death among adults. A supplemental survey was conducted to cover the remaining states (except Hawaii) in order to provide individual states with national-level data for comparison purposes. The complex sampling designs and variable sampling rates among state surveys required the computation of sample weights before estimates on a national level could be made. Estimates from the combined individual surveys are similar to those obtained from more expensive in-person interviews. The BRF national prevalence estimate of chronic heavier drinking is 8.7 percent, equivalent to the 1979 National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) estimate of 9 percent. The BRF estimate of 31.5 percent for current smokers compares closely with the 32.6 percent estimated by the 1980 Health Interview Survey. Despite recognized technical limitations, this type of telephone survey can be a practical and affordable source of information both for initially gathering prevalence data and for monitoring trends in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors of public health concern.