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Biomedical subjects

J T Hsu

Publications and source records attributed to J T Hsu.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of urea and sodium bicarbonate supplementation of a high-fiber diet on nutrient digestion and ruminal characteristics of defaunated sheep.

Five sheep (average BW 48 kg) with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were fed 63% roughage: 37% concentrate diets (CP = 14.5%) in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to study effects of urea and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on nutrient digestion and ruminal characteristics of defaunated sheep. Diets were fed twice daily (DMI = 1,076 g/d). Defaunation was accomplished with 25-ml doses of alkanate 3SL3/sheep daily for 3 d. Control sheep were faunated (Treatment 1) and fed soybean meal as the major N supplement. Remaining sheep were maintained defaunated and fed either the same diet as Treatment 1 (Treatment 2), Treatment 1 with urea replacing 30% of the soybean meal N (Treatment 3), or Treatment 1 with 2% sodium bicarbonate in the diet (Treatment 4). Treatment 5 was a combination of Treatments 3 and 4. Compared with the faunated control, defaunation decreased (P less than .05) total tract DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and CP digestibilities (71.5 vs 69.4, 73.8 vs 71.7, 64.6 vs 61.4, 58.7 vs 55.8, and 74.2 vs 70.6%, respectively) and average (2 to 12 h postfeeding) ruminal fluid ammonia (23.5 vs 13.7 mg/dl) and isobutyrate (.9 vs .7 mM) concentrations. However, defaunation increased (P less than .05) linoleic and linolenic acid flows (.58 vs .45 g C18:2/d; .17 vs .14 g C18:3/d) to and disappearance (.50 vs .39 g C18:2/d; .14 vs .11 g C18:3/d) from the small intestine. Urea supplementation increased (P less than .05) total tract DM (70.2 vs 68.6%) and OM (72.3 vs 71.0%) digestibilities of defaunated sheep but lowered (P less than .05) ruminal fluid isobutyrate concentration (.6 vs .8 mM). Sodium bicarbonate supplementation increased (P less than .05) ruminal fluid pH (6.4 vs 6.2), isobutyrate concentration (.75 vs .60 mM), total tract ADF digestibility (57.6 vs 54.2%), and ruminal NDF (41.6 vs 28.5%), ADF (36.6 vs 22.8%), and CP (-5.5 vs -26.8%) digestibilities in defaunated sheep. Dietary supplementation of urea or sodium bicarbonate increased nutrient digestion by defaunated sheep.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

The p38 and p34 polypeptides of growth cone particle membranes are the alpha- and beta-subunits of G proteins.

Growth cone particle (GCP) membranes prepared from fetal day 17 rat brain are comprised of 5 major polypeptides as analyzed by SDS-PAGE: tubulin (p52), actin (p42), pp46/GAP-43 and two unidentified species, p38 and p34. Antibodies specific for the alpha- and beta-subunits of G proteins recognize p38 and p34, respectively, on immunoblots following one- and two-dimensional electrophoretic separation. That G protein subunits comprise major species of GCP membrane-associated polypeptides suggests a role for G proteins in transmembrane signaling in nerve growth cones.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Effects of centrifugation speed and freezing on composition of ruminal bacterial samples collected from defaunated sheep.

Triplicate ruminal samples from four rumen-cannulated defaunated sheep (50 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design experiment with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments to test effects of two pretreatments (fresh vs. freezing) and three centrifugation speeds (4640 x g for 30 min; 9820 x g for 20 min; 25,900 x g for 20 min) or quantity of ruminal bacteria harvested and composition of ruminal bacterial samples. There were no differences among centrifugation speeds on quantity of ruminal bacterial harvested, organic matter, total N, RNA, and diaminopimelic acid concentrations (% of DM), or RNA:N, RNA:organic matter, N:organic matter, and diaminopimelic acid:organic matter ratios. However, there were differences between fresh and frozen samples for all measurements except diaminopimelic acid concentration, and the diaminopimelic acid:organic matter ratio, suggesting that freezing ruminal fluid is not appropriate for obtaining truly representative bacterial samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of corn fiber, cottonseed hulls, oat hulls and soybean hulls as roughage sources for ruminants.

An in situ trial (randomized complete block design) using cows, and a site and extent of digestion trial (Latin square design) using sheep were conducted to study the potential of corn fiber (CF), cottonseed hulls (CSH), oat hulls (OH) and soybean hulls (SH) as roughage sources for ruminants. Two feedlot trials with steers and one with lambs (completely randomized design with factorial arrangements of treatments) were conducted to study the potential of CF and SH as energy supplements relative to corn. In situ rate of ruminal dry matter (DM) disappearance (3 to 36 h) and extent of DM disappearance (36 h) indicated that CF and SH were more fermentable in the rumen compared with OH or CSH, with SH being the most fermentable. Total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were above 70% for sheep fed CF and SH diets, and were 50% or less for sheep fed OH and CSH diets. A ranking of by-products in terms of nutritive value followed the trend: CF greater than SH greater than OH greater than CSH. Lamb feedlot trial data showed that CF was of similar nutritive value to corn and of higher nutritive value than SH at the 50% level of supplementation. Corn-fed lambs responded better than CF- or SH-fed lambs at the 70% level of supplementation. Data from steer feedlot trials showed that CF was of similar quality to corn and of higher quality than SH. Dramatic differences exist in by-product feed utilization by ruminants. All by-products tested appeared to have some usefulness as dietary components.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of a segmented double-stranded RNA virus in Drosophila Kc cells.

Drosophila Kc cells contain a series of RNA fragments ranging in size from 980 to 4600 bp. The fragments copurify with a virus-like nucleoprotein particle which has a density of 1.384 g/cm3 and is a 62 nm diameter icosahedron. There are 11-13 double stranded RNAs in the particles; they are not homologous with either cultured cell or embryo genomic DNA. The particle also contains a minimum of seven polypeptides, three of which are major, and all of which continue to be synthesized in Kc cells in heat shock when normal cellular protein synthesis is shut down. This virus-like particle occurs in large enough amounts in Kc cells to confuse molecular and physiological studies, however the cells continue to multiply in its presence.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Lung abscess complicating transbronchial biopsy of a mass lesion.

We report a rare complication of transbronchial lung biopsy. A lung abscess developed after transbronchial biopsy of a peripheral mass lesion. Persistent fever, leukocytosis, and roentgenographic evidence of increase in size of the biopsied mass are useful clues for the diagnosis of pneumonia surrounding a tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Fractionation of purified nucleosomes on the basis of aggregation properties.

Monomeric nucleosomes from micrococcal nuclease digest of rat liver nuclei have been purified on Sepharose columns in the presence of divalent cations and 0.6 M NaCl. The particles contain histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and a complement of nonhistone chromosomal proteins. In 0.6 M NaCl, the nucleosome mixture sedimented at 10 S; however, when the NaCl was removed approximately 30% of the particles aggregated and precipitated, and the remaining soluble fraction sedimented at 11 S. The aggregation phenomenon was divalent cation-dependent and reversible. Characterization of the macromolecular components of the subfractions of nucleosomes showed that the subfractions differed in composition of species of histone H3 as well as of several nonhistone chromosomal proteins but not in the size of the DNA fragment present. The aggregation properties of the isolated nucleosomes showed similarities to the divalent cation-dependent differences in the extent of chromatin condensation in the intact eukaryote nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Adult respiratory distress syndrome.

The authors correlated and presented clinical, radiological and pathological findings in 6 patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): It is a distinct syndrome with characteristic clinical, radiological presentations and pathological findings. It is a unique response of lung to a variety of primary insults. If unrecognized, patients with this syndrome are often fatal. Its possible pathognesis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis.

A 40-year-old man had a pathologically proved limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis complicating recurrent and massive hemoptysis from his cavitary pulmonary lesion. Of significant interest and clinical importance is the unusual location of the patient's pulmonary lesion, occurring in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. This experience demonstrates that the location of the pulmonary nodule is not necessarily useful in distinguishing Wegener's granulomatosis from infectious granulomatosis, particularly tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Tuberculous aortitis: a rare cause of mycotic aneurysm of the aorta.

A case of a true mycotic aneurysm of the aortic arch secondary to mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis is presented. This was promptly recognized by aortography, treated by surgery, diagnosed by pathology, and followed by antituberculous therapy. The early diagnosis is emphasized as a prerequisite to successful treatment.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by dietary phytoestrogen in MCF-7 human mammary cancer cells.

We examined the effects of the phytoestrogen biochanin A on the growth of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The results showed that biochanin A treatment induced dose- and time-dependent inhibition on MCF-7 cell growth at concentrations above 20 microg x mL(-1). An examination of treated MCF-7 cell morphology revealed condensation of the chromosome and dehydration of the cytoplasm, suggesting apoptosis as an important factor in biochanin A-related cell growth inhibition. The results also showed that at a concentration of 40 microg x mL(-1), biochanin A decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, thus inhibiting the production of nitric oxide, a known second messenger and inducer of apoptosis, and affecting the overall cell protein pattern. No significant difference in superoxide dismutase protein levels were, however detected at concentrations of 40 or 100 microg x mL(-1) of biochanin A. The data suggest that the inhibitory effects of biochanin A on human breast cancer cell growth are linked to inducible nitric oxide synthase and the associated production of nitric oxide.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic pancreatitis with pancreas divisum treated with pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: a case report.

Pancreas divisum, the most common congenital variant of pancreatic ductal anatomy, occurs when the ventral and dorsal pancreatic-buds fail to fuse. Herein, we report on a 42-year-old male suffering from chronic pancreatitis with pancreas divisum. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed this diagnosis. A pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was then performed. Pathological examination of the pancreas demonstrated chronic pancreatitis without malignancy. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 10 days after surgery.

Adult↗