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Biomedical subjects

J T Hoff

Publications and source records attributed to J T Hoff.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Responses of the cerebral circulation to hypercapnia and hypoxia after 7th cranial nerve transection in baboons.

It has been proposed that the responses of the cerebral circulation to hypoxia, hypercapnia and hypotension may be partially mediated by an autonomic reflex with receptors in the carotid body or sinus serving as sensors and the efferent limbs being the 7th cranial nerves. Transection of the 7th cranial nerve has been reported to impair the cerebral circulatory response to isolated chemoreceptor stimulation by hypoxia and hypercapnia. To test this hypothesis we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) by an intra-arterial 133Xe technique in 10 baboons during periods of induced hypoxia and hypercapnia, both before and after transection of the 7th cranial nerve, We found that the responses of CBF were unaltered by either unilateral or bilateral section of the nerve. Our results showing the preservation of normal CBF responses, following transection, suggest that neurogenic control of the cerebral circulation by an autonomic reflex involving the 7th nerve is unlikely.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Stab wounds of the brain.

Unlike the penetrating injuries to the brain caused by missiles, injuries by stabbing are largely restricted to the wound tract. Early recognition, debridement and judicious antibiotic therapy can limit or prevent complications in the management of stab wounds. Among the common sequelae of stab wounds of the brain are pneumocephalus, meningitis, intracerebral hemorrhage and direct blood vessel or nerve injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Radionuclide cisternography after head injury.

Thirty-seven patients with severe head injury underwent radionuclide cisternography to detect early and late effects of trauma on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Thirty-one patients had subdural hematomas or hygromas and six had cerebral contusions without extracerebral masses. Cisternographic results were abnormal in 23 patients with subdural masses and normal in five who had only cerebral contusions. Of eight patients undergoing serial studies, one had persistent partial obstruction, five had partial resolution of abnormalities, and the two with progressive obstruction had their conditions improved by shunting. Angiography suggested transtentorial herniation in 11 patients with cisternal block, six of whom had clinical signs of herniation on the same side.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cerebral cortical arteries in the diagnosis of epidural hematoma.

Review of cerebral arteriograms of all our patients [19] with epidural hematoma over a 2 year period revealed evidence of localized extrinsic compression of the cerebral cortex in all cases. This finding, although not as specific as those previously described for epidural hematoma, was strongly suggestive. A 2 year prospective study was then initiated employing internal, rather than common carotid arteriography, because opacification of the external carotid artery is not necessary for evaluation of cortical compression. In this study, which consisted of 21 patients, epidural hematoma was correctly diagnosed in all, relying primarily on signs of localized extrinisic cerebral cortical compression. No epidural hematoma was misinterpreted as being a subdural hematoma or an intracerebral injury, and all epidural hematomas that were present were diagnosed correctly. We conclude that internal carotid arteriography is a sensitive method for diagnosing epidural hematoma. The signs of extrinsic cortical compression should be emphasized in the interpretation of arteriograms of patients with head injuries whether the internal or the common carotid artery is injected.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗
PubMed1976

Carbon monoxide retinopathy.

A 26-year-old man who had become comatose after having inhaled carbon monoxide developed retinal venous engorgement and peripillary hemorrhages. Retinal changes closely resembled those that accompany hypoxemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The value of repeat cerebral arteriography in the evaluation of trauma.

In most patients with head or neck trauma, a single angiogram is sufficient to guide therapy. For those who improve slowly or not at all, however, this is not an adequate basis for diagnosis. Angiography should be repeated after an interval of time to exclude development of a surgically correctable lesion, such as pseudoaneurysm or intracerebral or extracerebral fluid collection.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Experimental cervical myelopathy: autoradiographic studies of spinal cord blood flow patterns.

The cervical spinal cord was compressed at one (C5) or two (C4,C5) levels in eight awake dogs by advancing screws through the vertebral bodies into the spinal canal until minimal limb weakness occurred. Ischemia of the cervical cord was produced by ligation of vertebral and spinal arteries in four anesthetized dogs, of which two had previously undergone cord compression at two levels. The neurological and histological findings were studied. By means of antipyrine [14C]autoradiography, qualitative changes of blood flow in dogs with compression and/or ischemia of the cervical spinal cord were compared to flow patterns in normal dogs. The authors conclude that the neurological and histological changes produced by spinal cord compression, ischemia and their combination correlate with altered patterns of blood flow within the cervical spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Acute, Post-Traumatic Subdural Hygroma. Natural Course with Angiographic Documentation.

Acute, post-traumatic subdural hygromas, in contrast to benign chronic subdural hygromas, may be life-threatening. Two cases are presented in which a rapidly enlarging subdural hygroma either prevented improvement over a 1-2 week period or resulted in rapid deterioration of the patient. Angiographic documentation and the natural course of this condition are revealed.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Experimental cervical myelopathy. Effects of ischemia and compression of the canine cervical spinal cord.

The authors report experiments designed to test the effect of regional ischemia induced by selective vascular ligations and anterior compression of the cervical cord at two adjacent segments (C-4, C-5) in the same dog. They conclude that local ischemia of the cervical cord, caused by local deformation, when superimposed on a regional reduction in spinal cord blood flow, accounts for the myelopathy of cervical spondylosis whether produced experimentally in animals or occurring naturally in man.

Animals↗