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Biomedical subjects

J T Boyle

Publications and source records attributed to J T Boyle.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Successful treatment of achalasia in childhood by pneumatic dilatation.

Ten consecutive patients (ages 10 to 17) with achalasia of the esophagus diagnosed by radiographic, manometric, and endoscopic criteria were treated by forceful dilatations of the lower esophageal sphincter. A good to excellent response was seen in eight of the ten patients, manifested by disappearance of vomiting, improvement in dysphagia, and weight gain. A decrease in resting gastroesophageal sphincter pressure was documented in four patients tested. Short-term complications of fever or chest pain were seen following three of 18 procedures; however, barium swallow was negative for perforation and symptoms resolved spontaneously without treatment. Our findings suggest that pneumatic dilatation may produce similar results as surgical esophagomyotomy (Heller procedure) without the immediate operative morbidity, cost, and potential long-term effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Primary nonspecific ileal ulceration as a cause of massive rectal bleeding.

A case of primary ulceration of the ileum in the absence of a Meckel's diverticulum or ectopic gastric tissue is described. Although this condition is infrequently observed, it should be considered as a potential cause of massive rectal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia of unknown cause, perforation, or partial small bowel obstruction. The diagnosis is normally made at surgery. Segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis is the treatment of choice. Recurrence following surgery is rare.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Multiple congenital anomalies associated with infantile achalasia.

Achalasia is rare in the pediatric age group, particularly in the neonate and young infant. The symptoms are often nonspecific and may not even suggest a primary esophageal disorder. This is a report of two cases of achalasia seen in neonates, both of whom has other unusual and exceedingly uncommon congenital abnormalities.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Critical role of adrenal glands in precocious increase in jejunal sucrase activity following premature weaning in rats: negligible effect of food intake.

The effect of jejunal sucrase activity of premature weaning (PW) of rats is studied and compared with the effect of starvation. Within 24 hours after PW of rats on postnatal day 16 onto a high sucrose diet, there is a highly significant increase in sucrase activity as compared with that in nonseparated controls. During this time, food intake is minimal, the rats lose weight and there is an arrest of jejunal growth. Rats starved from day 16 onward exhibit the same increase of sucrase activity. Adrenalectomy on day 14, i.e. 2 days before PW, results in 33% mortality on the second postweaning day, i.e. on day 18, and in progressive loss of jejunal protein. Sucrase activity in adrenalectomized prematurely-weaned rats does not differ from the activity of intact suckling controls on day 18. Our experiments suggest that the increase in sucrase activity following PW is not related to food intake, but is primarily mediatd by the adrenal glands. Presented results stress the importance of the endocrine system in the intestinal "adaptive" response to PW in the rat. Endocrine factors should be considered in any evaluation of the effect of nutritional manipulation during the weaning period.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1980

Demonstration of a difference in expression of maximal lactase and sucrase activity along the villus in the adult rat jejunum.

Lactase and sucrase are two disaccharidases that differ not only in their substrate specificity and developmental patterns, but also in their resistance to mucosal insult. In this experiment, we tested the hypothesis that there might be a dichotomy in expression of enzyme activity along the jejunal villuscrypt unit. Sectioning of the villus-crypt unit in a cryostat enabled direct comparison of the distribution of lactase and sucrase enzyme activities in the adult rat. There is a stepwise increase in mean lactase/sucrase ratio going from crypt to villus. The data indicate that unlike sucrase activity, which is expressed maximally in enterocytes along the entire villus, maximal lactase activity is not attained until midvillus. The delay in expression of maximal lactase activity might help to explain the vulnerability of this enzyme to acute mucosal insult such as occurs in viral gastroenteritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Apical distribution of fatty acid esterification capacity along the villus-crypt unit of rat jejunum.

Distribution of fatty acid esterification capacity along the structure of the villus-crypt unit was studied in both in vivo perfused an in vitro incubated rat jejunum. Using a cryostat sectioning technique, the intestine was sectioned transversely at 6 micron thickness, from the tip of the villus to the crypt. Morphology and sucrase activity were used as markers to define the location along the villus-crypt unit. Fatty acid esterification capacity was found to be more apically concentrated in both in vivo and in vitro preparations. The apical distribution of fatty acid esterification capacity is a reflection of the distribution patterns of lipid esterifying enzyme activity along the villus-crypt units.

1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase↗
PubMed1968

Cytokinin from soluble RNA of Escherichia coli: 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine.

We have isolated a compound responsible for the cytokinin activity of soluble RNA from Escherichia coli. The structure, indicated as 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)-2-methylthio-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine, C(16)H(23)N(5)0(4)S, on the basis of low-and high-reso!ution mass spectrometry, was established by unequivocal synthesis. The mass spectra, chromatographic behavior, and ultraviolet spectra of the compounds from natural and synthetic sources were identical.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a child with common variable immunodeficiency.

The clinical course of a child who developed an adenocarcinoma of the stomach at 11 years of age is described. At 6 years of age, the child was evaluated for abdominal pain, weight loss, and vomiting. She was found to have hemorrhagic, atrophic gastritis, achlorhydria, and panhypogammaglobulinemia. The gastritis improved with corticosteroid therapy, but relapsed each time that the steroid dosage was tapered. The clinical course was marked by severe growth failure, recurrent infections, and intermittent abdominal pain. Radiographic studies done when the patient was 11 years of age demonstrated a large fungating mass on the lesser curvature of the stomach. Endoscopy and biopsies done 1 year previously had not revealed any sign of malignancy. A radical gastrectomy was performed. Microscopic studies revealed multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach with no evidence of invasion of the submucosa or local lymph nodes. The patient died of Candida septicemia and pneumonia 6 months after the gastrectomy. There was no evidence of recurrence of the tumor on autopsy. The relationship between common variable immunodeficiency and gastrointestinal disease is described.

Achlorhydria↗