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Biomedical subjects

J Svensson

Publications and source records attributed to J Svensson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Life events and elevated blood pressure in young men.

The study group was recruited from a population of 18-yr-old men who were subjected to blood pressure screening. Subjects with blood pressure elevation from this group were compared with two samples from the same population, one normotensive and one hypotensive, with regard to self-reported life events. A detailed interview regarding life events during the total life span revealed no significant differences in total mean number of events between the groups. However, there were significant differences with regard to reports of positive life events. More positive events were reported during the later years in the hypotensive group. An analysis of particular events related to separation from family revealed no instances of reported divorce in the families of the hypertensive subjects in contrast to two divorces in the normotensive and four in the hypotensive families. The hypertensive group was divided into two subgroups, those who during an interview session showed consistent vasoconstriction--with more sustained and severe blood pressure elevation--and those who did not--with a less stable blood pressure elevation. These subgroups differed as to mean number of life events and life events perceived as negative. As a parallel to the findings in the main groups, the subgroup with more sustained blood pressure elevation had the smallest number of reported events. The psychosocial differences between the subgroups within the hypertensive group found in the present study is a further indication to the existence of different psychosomatic mechanisms operating.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Vesicoureteral reflux in the adult. III. Surgical correction: risks and benefits.

Antireflux surgery was successful in 97 per cent of 67 adults with primary bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. Mean followup was 43 months. Of the patients 93 per cent became free of acute pyelonephritis, although 50 per cent continued to experience occasional cystitis. Surgical correction of reflux had no beneficial effect on renal size, renal scars or significant proteinuria with impaired renal function. Antireflux surgery does not appear to be justified in cases of proteinuria unless recurrent symptomatic pyelonephritis becomes uncontrollable. Additionally, antireflux surgery did not appear to have any beneficial effect on hypertension or large bladder capacity. However, calculogenesis remained inactive with this and other adjunctive therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Results of hypospadias repair according to the principle of the buried strip.

The results after hypospadias repair according to methods of Denis Browne and Crawford area evaluated. Chordee release was performed in 361 patients, 41 or 11% of whom had a reoperation. Urethroplasty was done in 479 patients, 372 according to Denis Browne and 107 according to Crawford. Postoperative fistula or rupture of the plasty was recorded in 27% after Denis Browne's method and in 32% after Crawford's method. Stricture formation was low (3%) in all the patients. The use of polyglycolic acid suture in hypospadias repair caused more fistulas than if nylon was used (P less than 0.05).

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Micturition studies and sexual function in operated hypospadiacs.

Micturition patterns in 33 males, aged 15 to 34 years, were investigated after hypospadias repair in childhood. Spraying of the urinary stream was the most common complaint (13 patients). Urinary flow was low in five patients as compared with controls, but in only one of these patients was an obstruction found that required treatment. Five patients had persistent curvature of the penis. One of them was unable to perform sexual intercourse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Androgens and personality in normal men and men operated for hypospadias in childhood.

Serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin and androgens were assayed in 33 adult men operated for a penile malformation (hypospadias) in childhood and in 34 matched controls. Two cases of severe hypospadias had signs of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Three moderately severe cases possibly had a central relative androgen receptor insensitivity. Patients had lower levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in serum, unrelated to the severity of the hypospadias. The hypospadias patients have previously been shown to be more neurotic and inhibited both socially and sexually than the controls, which might be related to defective androgenic functioning. Relations between androgen levels and psychological variables were studied. Low testosterone levels were related to higher hostility scores in Rorschach. Relations between androgens and other personality characteristics could not be shown.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Blood pressure variations across areas in the greater Stockholm region: analysis of 74,000 18-year-old men.

74,000 18-year-old men who went through the medical examination for the military draft procedure in the greater Stockholm region during the years 1969-1978 were divided into 63 areas of residence. Means of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, as well as heart rate, height, muscle strength and reasoning test results varied significantly across areas. In a univariate analysis, significant correlations were found between high average systolic blood pressure in an area on one hand and low median income and high proportion of subjects on social welfare in the area on the other hand. In a multivariate analysis these associations were partly explained by a tendency of areas with relatively poor socioeconomic conditions to have high average relative weight, high mean muscle strength and poor average reasoning test results. All of these variables were associated with high average systolic blood pressure. The findings are discussed in relation to ecological mechanisms. Somatic and psychological development during childhood is associated with educational environment at school and leisure activities. Areas with poor socioeconomic conditions and high average systolic blood pressure were those which tended to have high rates of migration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical characteristics of 18-year-old men with elevated blood pressure.

Twenty "hypertensive" 18-year-old men (systolic BP greater than or equal to 146 and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) from the screening examinations of a military draught bureau were compared with 17 normotensive (systolic BP 124-131) and 12 hypotensive (systolic BP 100-106) subjects. The hypertensive subjects were on average taller, showed more often ECG evidence of sympathoadrenomedullary overactivity, tended to excrete more adrenaline in the urine during a standardized psychological stress test, had higher serum levels of sodium and potassium and reported more frequently family prevalence of hypertension than the normotensives and hypotensives. Non-participating subjects without verified hypertension had higher mean relative weight than any of the study groups. Only one hypertensive subject showed dilated pulmonary vessels on chest X-ray and borderline evidence of mild left ventricular hypertrophy. None of the hypertensive subjects showed evidence of decreased glomerular filtration rate or endocrine disorder. The subjects in both comparison groups showed frequently ECG evidence of parasympathetic activity. The hypotensive group had a lower average relative body weight than the other groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Testosterone concentration within the tunica vaginalis of boys and adult men.

The testosterone level in fluid contained in the tunica vaginalis has been determined in 25 adult men referred for infertility and in 20 boys aged 0-10.5 years operated on for hydrocele. The median concentrations of testosterone were found to be 392 nmole/1 (range 78-957) and 1.1 nmole/1 (range 0.16-182), respectively. The median value for adult men was 20 times the concentration of testosterone found in the peripheral blood of that group while the median value for the boys was 4 times that found in their peripheral blood. It is concluded, firstly, that the high level of testosterone in the peritesticular space of adult men strongly indicates that diffusion of testosterone through the testicular capsule does take place. Secondly, testosterone levels in fluid from the peritesticular space which significantly exceeds those in peripheral blood in prepubertal boys furnishes evidence of testicular secretion of testosterone in that age group. Consequently, the peritesticular tissues such as the epididymis, gubernaculum and scrotum are exposed to quantities of testosterone far exceeding those brought by the general circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Penile malformation and mental health. A controlled psychiatric study of men operated for hypospadias in childhood.

Aspects of mental health were investigated by means of interviews and register data in 34 men operated on for hypospadias in childhood and in 36 matched control subjects. Most hypospadiacs adjust well both in childhood and adult age. However, they reported more neurotic disturbances in their childhood than the controls. Shyness and enuresis were common troubles among the probands, and they had been more timid, isolated and mobbed. Similar although less striking differences in mental health were reported also in adult age. Depression and anxiety were dominating symptoms. The interviewer assessed the hypospadiacs to show more anxiety and to use more immature defence mechanisms and consequently to have less stress tolerance. The probands were further judged to have less capacity for social relations and their overall capacity to utilize existent psychological resources was small as compared to the controls. The findings indicate that hypospadiacs are more prone to neurotic (but not psychotic) disturbances than other young men and have more disturbed social relations. The need for psychological guidance for the boys and their parents is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Operated hypospadiacs: late follow-up. Social, sexual, and psychological adaptation.

Thirty-four adult men operated upon for hypospadias in childhood and 36 controls were examined by interview and psychological tests. During childhood hypospadiacs had enuresis, showed shyness, and were mobbed more often than controls. Hypospadiac's sexual debut, but not the first ejaculation, was delayed. Most hypospadiacs had a satisfactory sexual life, albeit restricted to fewer partners. Socially, hypospadiacs showed normal adjustment but had less qualified professions than controls. Hypospadiacs showed a more doubtful sexual identity and greater castration anxiety combined with lesser utilization of cognitive and emotional resources than controls. Early operated hypospadiacs had a more infantile sexual identity than those operated later (less than 5 yr).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Social and sexual adjustment of men operated for hypospadias during childhood: a controlled study.

In a controlled study 34 men operated on for hypospadias in childhood and 36 control subjects were interviewed concerning their sexual and social adjustment, which at the time of the interviews was shown to be virtually similar in the 2 groups. Most of the hypospadiacs had stable sexual relationships but they had been sexually less active than the controls. The sexual debut of the hypospadiacs was retarded although the age at first ejaculation was the same as for the controls. The hypospadiacs had less qualified professions compared to the controls. The results indicate the possibility of operated hypospadiacs being psychologically different from other men. Fertility seems to be equal in the 2 groups and even patients with severe forms of hypospadias reported fertility. The issue of optimal ambition in surgical repair is discussed in view of the fact that even patients with a less than perfect technical result are able to live a satisfactory sexual life.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Absorbable or nonabsorbable suture materials for closure of the dura mater?

This study was undertaken to determine which suture material would give the best results for closure of the dura mater. Because there is no need for the suture to remain longer than until healing has occurred and as remaining foreign material will predispose to foreign body reactions and infection, it was considered important to test new absorbable materials like polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) and polyglycolic acid (Dexon) for closure of the dura mater. The reactions from these materials were compared to those of silk and polyester (Ethibond) in dogs 60 days after the suture of dural incisions. The quality of healing with respect to the smoothness of the subdural surface, the presence of adhesions between sutures and the brain surface, the degree of absorption of the material, and reactions around the sutures were evaluated. Vicryl gave the best results, providing a smooth subdural surface without adhesions. It was almost totally absorbed when healing was completed, in contrast to Dexon and the other materials. The cellular reaction around Vicryl was slight. Silk, Ethibond, and Dexon protruded from the subdural surface and adhesions to the arachnoid were common. When the dura mater was removed, these adhesions tore off the leptomeninges with their vascular supply to the cortex. The results of these experiments seem to justify the recommendation of Vicryl for suturing of the dura mater. Such an absorbable material decreases the risk of foreign body reactions, and infections will be more easily combated because of the absence of foreign material. The lack of subdural adhesions is an advantage if reoperation is necessary.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Experimental exposure of the cat brain surface to neurosurgical irrigation fluids and air: study of blood-brain barrier damage.

Different fluids used in neurosurgery were tested for the production of blood-brain barrier dysfunction by applying them to the brain surface of the cat for 3 hours. Normal saline, Ringer's solution, and Elliott's Solution B induced no obvious damage either by closed subdural perfusion or when applied to the brain surface via pledgets for 3 hours. When perfusion with Ringer's solution for 2 hours and 45 minutes was preceded by 15 minutes of exposure to air, an intense extravasation of tracer was induced in the leptomeninges. When perfusion with Ringer's solution (2 hours and 45 minutes) was followed by irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide (5 minutes) and then brief perfusion (10 minutes) with Ringer's solution, thrombosis of leptomeningeal vessels and extensive extravasation of tracer were found in both the leptomeninges and the cortex down to the white matter. Elliott's Solution B seemed to provide better protection against these injuries than did Ringer's solution. Thee observations demonstrate the importance of immediate protection of the exposed brain surface against air by physiological fluids and show that these fluids provide effective protection against disturbance of the blood-brain barrier for at least 3 hours. Hydrogen peroxide proved unsuitable for application to the brain surface.

Animals↗