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Biomedical subjects

J Svanvik

Publications and source records attributed to J Svanvik.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Sludge is calcium bilirubinate associated with bile stasis.

Biliary sludge is a frequent finding on abdominal sonography. It is most often found after prolonged stasis of gallbladder bile associated with other illness or mechanical obstruction of the common duct, and seldom indicates primary gallbladder disease. In most cases, sludge is a suspension of pigment precipitates in bile, and is at least in part calcium bilirubinate. Sludge may disappear with the return of normal gallbladder contractility. The ease with which this precipitate forms during stasis of gallbladder bile suggests a role for this process in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis.

Bile↗
PubMed1981

Effects of intra-arterial prostaglandin E2 on gallbladder fluid transport, motility, and hepatic bile in the cat.

The effects of intra-arterial infusion of prostaglandin E2 on gallbladder concentrating function, motility, and hepatic bile flow were studied simultaneously in the anesthetized cat by means of a perfusion technique. Prostaglandin E2 reversibly inhibited gallbladder net fluid absorption and in some cases reversed the direction of transport to a net fluid secretion. A contraction of the gallbladder and an increased flow of hepatic bile were seen during prostaglandin infusion. The results are discussed in relation to the role of prostaglandins in the pathophysiology of cholecystitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Gallbladder function in experimental cholecystitis.

Experimental cholecystitis was induced by implanting gallstones from human beings into the gallbladder of the cat. Three months later the concentrating function of the gallbladder, the motility, and hepatic bile flow were studied by a perfusion technique in the anesthetized animal. Gallbladder function was correlated to morphologic changes. After 3 months, the cystic duct was patent in nine animals and bile was found in the gallbladder. In 17 animals the cystic duct was obstructed and colorless contents were found in the gallbladder. Animals with a patent cystic duct showed slight or moderate inflammation and intact concentrating activity in the gallbladder, whereas animals with obstructed animals had pronounced inflammation and continuous fluid "secretion" into the lumen. Both groups had increased bile outflow from the liver. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, promptly reversed gallbladder fluid "secretion" into absorption and reduced the increased bile flow to a normal level. These results are discussed in relation to clinical findings in man. A mechanism by which prostaglandins are responsible for the inflammatory gallbladder "secretion" and the increased bile flow from the liver is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Indomethacin intravenously--a new way for effective relief of biliary pain: a double-blind study in man.

Prostaglandins have been demonstrated to contract the gallbladder and induce fluid secretion into its lumen in experimental animals. Indomethacin is an effective inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase and has recently been demonstrated to inhibit inflammatory fluid secretion into the gallbladder in experimental cholecystitis. A mechanism by which an increased prostaglandin synthesis will result in a raised intraluminal pressure in the gallbladder in patients with gallstone disease has been suggested. By inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins with indomethacin the intraluminal pressure is reduced and the biliary pain relieved. In a double-blind study with a placebo in 40 separate attacks of biliary pain in 37 patients with verified gallstone disease intravenous indomethacin was found to effectively relieve pain within 5 to 30 minutes. No serious side effects were seen, but nausea and vertigo of short duration were noticed in 10 of 21 cases of indomethacin treatment. The drug did not affect blood pressure, but a reduction of the pulse rate was usually seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

New water absorption and mucosal morphometry of ileal reservoirs and of ileal segments transposed to the colon in the cat.

New water absorption and changes in villous height were studied in ileal reservoirs and in ileal segments transposed to the colon in the cat. A continuous perfusion technique was used to estimate net water absorption. The villous height was reduced both in ileal reservoirs and in the transposed segments compared with normal ileum. The serosal area of the reservoir was significantly increased compared with the initial segment used in construction of the reservoir. The reservoir showed a reduced net water absorption rate per unit serosal area compared with a control segment, but when the absorption of the whole reservoir was compared with that of a control segment of the same initial length, there was no significant change. In the transposed segments no significant change in net water absorption could be revealed. Data from both series of experiments showed a positive correlation between net water absorption per unit serosal area and villous height. Blood flow registration in ileal segments transposed to the colon showed a blood flow of the same magnitude in the transposed segment as in the control segment.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a treatment for biliary pain.

Twenty patients with confirmed gallbladder disease were treated with intravenous indomethacin during 24 separate attacks of biliary pain. In all cases the pain was promptly relieved and there were no important side-effects. Indomethacin, and inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, may reduce intraluminal pressure in the gallbladder, and relieve pain.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, and secretin on gallbladder function, formation of bile, and pancreatic secretion in the cat.

The effects of glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and secretin on the concentrating mechanism and the motility in the feline gallbladder have been studied in vivo. A technique by which the gallbladder in situ was perfused by an electrolyte solution made possible a simultaneous study of the motility and of the net transport of water and electrolytes across the gallbladder wall. Secretin (0.6 microgram per kg/h) was found to abolish the net absorption of water, Na+, and HCO3- and strongly reduce the net absorption of K+ and Cl-, whereas neither glucagon (1--20 microgram per kg/h) nor GIP (1--30 microgram per kg/h) was found to significantly influence the concentrating function of the gallbladder. The motility of the gallbladder was not influenced by the peptides. The formation of bile and pancreatic secretion was not changed by glucagon or GIP, whereas secretin had a potent effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of intravenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on gallbladder function in the cat.

The influence of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the concentrating mechanism and the motility in the feline gallbladder has been studied in vivo. A perfusion technique made possible a simultaneous study of the motility and of the net transport of water and electrolytes across the gallbladder wall. It was found that an intravenous infusion of VIP relaxes the gallbladder and induces a net fluid secretion into its lumen. The net absorption of chloride ions was markedly reduced, whereas the net transport of sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate was reversed from an absorption into a secretion. Owing to the presence of VIP-containing nerve fibers in the gallbladder wall, a physiological significance for the secretory gallbladder response to VIP is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The importance of the intestinal countercurrent exchanger for 85Kr absorption from the feline gut.

The rate of 85Kr absorption from the feline gut was studied at varying intestinal blood flows induced by i.a. infusions of a vasodilator drug or by lowering arterial inflow pressure. The effects on rate of absorption of distending the intestine by increasing intraluminal pressure from 0-1 to 5-7 cm H2O as well as of augmenting the rate of luminal perfusion of the 85Kr solution were also investigated. Distending the small bowel increased rate of 85Kr absorption at all levels of intestinal blood flow except at the very low and the very high blood flow rates. Decreasing blood flow by lowering of arterial perfusion pressure decreased the rate of absorption from the distended gut while it had no effect in the collapsed small intestine. Increasing the rate of luminal perfusion enhanced the rate of 85Kr absorption at all blood flow levels except at the lowest ones. The results are discussed with regard to villous hemodynamics, intestinal countercurrent exchange and intraluminal concentration gradients in the lumen. It is concluded that the countercurrent exchanger represents, under physiological conditions, the major limiting factor for the absorption of lipophilic solutes such as 85Kr.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An experimental method for studying in vivo gallbladder absorption.

A perfusion technique has been developed for the study of net absorption in the gallbaldder of the cat. The lumen of the gallbladder in situ with intact blood vessels and nerves is perfused at a constant rate with bile or a solution of known composition. Differences in volume input and output from the gallbladder are measured with a volume transducer, which in the absence of changes in gallbladder volume reflects net water absorption. By adding polyethylene glycol to the perfusate, net water absorption rate can be calculated from the changes in concentration of this test substance regardless of gallbladder motility. A combined use of these two methods makes possible a concomitant estimation of net water absorption and changes in gallbladder volume. The technique was tested and used for the study of net water absorption from bile, saline and isotonic mannitol solution in the gallbladder lumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of intravenous secretin and cholecystokinin on gallbladder net water absorption and motility in the cat.

A perfusion technique has been used for the simultaneous study of the concentrating mechanism and the motility of the gallbladder in the anesthetized cat. It was found that intravenous secretin abolished the net water absorption from bile in the gallbladder and thereby impeded its concentrating mechanism, but alone did not influence gallbladder motility. It was sometimes seen that secretin even reversed the net water transport in the gallbladder, producing a secretion. Intravenous cholecystokinin was found not to influence the net water transport but to induce a strong contraction of the gallbladder. These results are discussed in relation to those from earlier in vitro studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A method for the continuous study of net water transport in the feline small bowel.

A new perfusion technique has been developed for the study of net water transport across the intestinal epithelium in vivo. The lumen of an isolated intestinal segment is steadily perfused with a solution of known composition in a closed perfusion system with a reservoir large enough to prevent recirculation. The intestinal segment may be enclosed in a plethysmorgraph. Changes in the perfused volume is recorded by a volume transducer coupled to the recirculating system via a T-tube. If no motility occurs, the changes of the perfusion volume reflects net water transport across the intestinal epithelium. A quantitative comparison of this technique with the convention polyethylene glycol method revealed no significant difference. The plethysmorgraphic method also makes it possible to quantify the net water absorption via lymph and blood.

Animals↗