Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Strauss

Publications and source records attributed to J Strauss.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cytophotometric analysis of magnocellular azure B-RNA and Feulgen-DNA following chronic GABA infusion into the nucleus basalis of rats.

This investigation was undertaken to examine possible cytopathic effects of GABA infusion on nucleus basalis (NBM) magnocellular neurons. Sixty-three male Long-Evans rats received unilateral, intra-NBM infusions of either GABA100 (100 micrograms/microliters/h), GABA10 (10 micrograms/microliters/h), or ultrafiltered saline (1 microliter/h) for a period of 24 hours. Rats from each of these groups were sacrificed at either 24 hours, 48 hours or 8 days following initiation of infusions. The sham operated hemisphere of each rat served as a control for the infused hemisphere. After stoichiometric azure B-RNA and Feulgen-DNA staining of brain sections, scanning-integrating microdensitometry was used to quantify GABA-induced alterations in these well established indices of neuronal toxicity. These results provide evidence that the neurotoxic effects of 24 hours of 100 micrograms/microliters-h GABA infusion are manifested within 48 hours post-initiation of infusions. Although 24 hours of 10 micrograms/microliters-h GABA infusion suppressed NBM neuronal metabolism, the lower magnitude and duration of this effect signified an impending recovery. GABA infusion resulted in little if any NBM neuronal chromatin template impairment (i.e., reduced Feulgen-DNA reactivity), irrespective of the dosage employed and the delay prior to sacrifice.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis C infection in a pediatric dialysis population.

A variable prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection has been reported in adult patients on hemodialysis. We have studied HCV infection and associated risk factors in a pediatric dialysis unit. Sera from all 27 patients undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in our unit were tested for antibody to HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and seropositives were confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay. Records were reviewed for demographic, biochemical, and risk factor data. From the total of 27 patients (12 male, mean age 20.9 years, range 7.3 to 28.1 years), five were anti-HCV(+) (18.5%). All the anti-HCV(+) patients had been on hemodialysis (69 to 194 months, mean 105 months), while of the 22 anti-HCV(-) patients, only 14 had been on hemodialysis (5 to 209 months, mean 41.4 months), P less than .005. All the anti-HCV(+) patients had received blood transfusions (10 to 124 units, mean 61.4 units) as had 12 of the anti-HCV(-) patients (1 to 54 units, mean 14 units), P less than .02. Of the 5 anti-HCV(+) patients, only one had prior hepatitis B infection; of the 22 anti-HCV(-) patients, three had hepatitis B surface antigen, and no others had evidence of hepatitis B infection. The most predictive risk factor for HCV infection was length of time on hemodialysis. Eleven of the 27 patients (40.7%) had abnormal alanine aminotransferase values, of whom four were anti-HCV(+), three were hepatitis B surface antigen(+), and one was seropositive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Sonographic screening of upper urinary tract obstruction and approach to its treatment].

Sonographic examination of the uropoietic tract (UPT) in neonates makes it possible to detect in time inborn disorders, in particular of the excretory pathways and to provide treatment before irreversible changes develop. The authors subject within the framework of screening of inborn developmental defects all neonates to sonographic examination of the UPT. In the submitted paper they evaluate a group of 2,103 children in the course of a one-year period; 89 neonates had changes as compared with normal findings. The largest group is formed (by as many as 57) by marginal dilatation of the hollow space. A dilated hollow system was recorded in 24 neonates and eight had different types of anomalies. By further comprehensive investigation conservative or surgical procedure is indicated to prevent further, possibly irreversible damage of the renal parenchyma.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1992

[Preoperative blood alcohol levels in patients hospitalized for prolonged surgical procedures].

Self medication using anxiolytic and relaxing agents prior to surgery is a common phenomen in many patients. In our prospective study of 356 patients undergoing prolonged surgical procedures (greater than 3 h), we evaluated the preoperative ethanol level of the blood using gas-chromatography. In 39 (10.9%) of 307 tumor patients ethanol could be detected in high concentrations, indicating the ingestion of disinfectants. Among our 49 orthognathic cases blood alcohol was found in 4 cases (8.2%). Since the minimum effective dose for ethanol ist 0.1 to 0.2 g/l, the patients' legal capacity when giving informed consent for surgery and anesthesia is to be questioned and the risks of analgosedation in outpatient must be considered.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1992

[Differential indication of tracheotomy in oral and maxillofacial surgery].

In the hospital for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Medical University Hannover 105 tracheostomies were performed between 1980 and 1990. We see a limited indication for a general prophylactic tracheotomy in patients with ablative surgery and microvascular reconstructive procedures. The indication for tracheotomy must be considered in each individual case.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1991

Clinical management of the pediatric renal-allograft recipient.

Management of the pediatric renal-transplant recipient requires careful pretransplant evaluation including psychosocial assessment and cautious donor/recipient selection. Early transplantation is preferable in infants less than 1 year of age if a suitable live-related donor is available. However, cadaveric-allograft transplantation is best reserved for patients older than 3 years with donors older than 5 years. Pre-emptive transplantation is suitable for approximately one fifth of the population. Medical preparation includes careful HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci matching, interferon treatment for positive hepatitis antigenemia, and acyclovir prophylaxis for a cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody-negative patient to a seropositive donor. Postoperative management requires close monitoring of the patient's volume status with careful fluid replacement in the form of colloid and crystalloid. Immunosuppression involves multiple drug regimens that include corticosteroids, ciclosporin, azathioprine, antilymphocyte (or -thymocyte) globulin (ALG/ATG), monoclonal antibodies (OKT3), and a ciclosporin alternative: FK-506. Long-term complications dictate management and are divided into medical, surgical, immune, and infectious categories. These are predominated by treatment of acute and chronic rejection, hypertension, and CMV infection.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1991

[Loss of maternal measles antibodies acquired by vaccination against measles].

The objective of the investigation was to assess whether children of mothers who acquired measles antibodies resp. immunity by vaccination are at least for the first six months of their life protected by maternal antibodies. A group of fifty pregnant women mean age 18 years incl. their umbilical blood and blood of their children, mostly 5-6 months after birth, were examined by the haemagglutination inhibition and immunoenzymatic test. The levels of measles antibodies were detected in 11 women immunized against measles in cca 1970 and in 26 revaccinated women mostly after 5 to 11 years. In once vaccinated mothers and their umbilical bloods the mean HI titres were 1:8.5 and 1:14 resp. and the mean EIA titres were 1:3600 and 1:3040 resp. As to the eight newborn children at the age of 5 and 6 months 6 children did not have any protective antibodies. In twice vaccinated women and their umbilical bloods the mean HI titre was 1:10 and 1:16.4 resp. and EIA titres were 1:2937 and 1:3784 resp. Of the 15 newborn infants at the age of 4 to 6 months 11 infants did not have any protective antibodies. In 8 mothers without vaccination records and their umbilical bloods the mean HI titre was 1:7.5 and 1:25.5 and mean EIA titres were 1:8229 and 1:7360 resp. In none of their children at the age of 6 months measles antibodies were found. The finding of the lack of protection in children older than 6 months stimulates further research of the problem.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Clinical aspects of continuous neonatal oxygen monitoring.

Twenty newborn infants (gestational age 30--40 weeks, weight 980--3400 g) were studied in two groups to compare two commercially available systems for continuous in vivo oxygen monitoring: the So2 catheter and the transcutaneous Po2 (TcPo2) electrode, and their respective electronic systems. Measurements from these systems were correlated with determinations made from samples intermittently drawn and measured by conventional So2 and Pao2 in vitro methods , respectively. Information about these two in vivo oxygen monitoring systems was then related to our previous experience with the bare-wire earlobe O2a electrode. Measurements from the two in vivo monitoring techniques studied showed good correlations with their respective in vitro oxygen measurements: So2 catheter, y = x - 3.08, r = 0.98 (range studied 74% to 100%) and transcutaneous electrode, y = 0.98x + 0.57, r = 0.89 (range studied 34 to 92 mm Hg). It was concluded that all three systems give a good reflection of central arterial oxygen (either Sao2 or Pao2)). The system to be used in specific clinical situations should depend on condition of the baby and stage of treatment, need for an umbilical line to measure other variables, equipment available, and training of personnel.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1979

[Bone necrosis during osteomalacias].

On the basis of 3 personal cases, the authors study the characteristics of osteonecroses during osteomalacias. They compare their findings to those in the literature. Clinically, the location at the femoral head is predominant, with absence of pain and functional tolerance often noted. On the radiological level, the demineralization of the skeleton is not constant, and there are few Looser-Milkman striae. In the lower limbs the necrosis is always located in the supporting areas, showing a restricted surface with little or no perinecrotic condensation and an absence of bone sequestrum. The cartilage remains intact for long periods. A pathogenic interpretation is proposed: the increasingly fragile state of the bones causes a subchondral fatigue fracture. The malacia bone thus adapts itself to the mechanical constraints thus imposed on it.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prolonged nitroprusside and intermittent hemodialysis as therapy for intractable hypertension.

Nitroprusside was used with intermittent hemodialysis over a 26-day period in a 6-year-old boy with intractable hypertension. Hemodialysis effectively removed thiocyanate from the blood, thus preventing its accumulation and subsequent toxic manifestations. Prolonged nitroprusside infusion maintained arterial blood pressure at acceptable levels until the patient became responsive to other antihypertensive therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Takayasu's arteritis associated with glomerulonephritis. A case report.

Takayasu's disease is a nonspecific arteritis of unknown cause with predilection for the aortic arch and its branches; approximately 20% of those affected are children or adolescents, predominantly females. The purpose of this article is to report the case of a young girl in which the mode of presentation was microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Subsequently, aortic valvular insufficiency developed and there was evidence of aortitis in the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as in the arch. All functional and anatomical cardiac derangements were documented by ultrasound and angiocardiography. Renal biopsies showed progressive glomerular involvement characterized by focal and segmental glomerulonephritis. It is postulated that a common immunologic mechanism was responsible for the aortic and glomerular lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Glomerular lesions in congenital endocardial fibroelastosis: clinical manifestations and ultrastructural studies in two patients.

Two children with congenital fibroelastosis and recurrent episodes of heart failure had overt proteinuria and hematuria; one also had a reversible nephrotic syndrome. Urinary manifestations persisted during periods of cardiac compensation. Renal biopsies revealed mesangial hyperplasia by light microscopy, identical ultrastructural lesions in the glomerular basement membrane, and deposits of fibrin in one of the biopsy specimens studied by immunofluorscence. These changes detected by electron microscopy may result in an increase in glomerular permeability independent of the renal hemodynamic disturbances associated with cardiac insufficiency. The progression of the lesions appears to be slow, although urinary manifestations may simulate an intercurrent glomerulonephritis. Pulmonary hypertension and renal venous stasis with glomerular intravascular coagulation were discussed as possible pathogenic mechanisms.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1977

Severe steroid-responsive nephrosis associated with hypersensitivity.

Sensitivity to cow's whole milk investigated in six patients with the idiopathic nephrotic and an elemental diet was given. After proteinuria had decreased to less than or equal to 500 mg/24 hours on consecutive days patients were challenged with cow's milk. This resulted in the return of significant proteinuria, oedema, and decreased urine volume together with a decrease in serum-IgG concentrations in four patients. Acute alteration of plasma C3 complement component accompanied milk challenge in all 6 patients. There were no consistent alterations in other immunoglobulin concentrations. Intradermal skin testing with cow's milk extract was positive in all patients. These results suggest that in some individuals clinical and biochemical manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome of childhood may be related to hypersensitivity of food products.

Adolescent↗