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Biomedical subjects

J Stanton

Publications and source records attributed to J Stanton.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Novel 5-HT3 antagonists. Indole oxadiazoles.

The synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a series of indole oxadiazole 5-HT3 antagonists are described. The key pharmacophoric elements have been defined as a basic nitrogen, a linking group capable of H-bonding interactions, and an aromatic moiety. The steric limitations of the aromatic binding site have been determined by substitution about the indole ring. Variation of the heterocyclic linking group has shown that while two hydrogen-bonding interactions are possible, only one is essential for high affinity. The environment of the basic nitrogen has been investigated and shown to be optimal when constrained within an azabicyclic system. These results have been incorporated into a proposed binding model for the 5-HT3 antagonist binding site, in which the optimum distance between the aromatic binding site and the basic amine is 8.4-8.9 A and the steric limitations are defined by van der Waals difference mapping.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cellular and subcellular effect of heavy ions: a comparison of the induction of strand breaks and chromosomal aberration with the incidence of inactivation and mutation.

Radiobiological effects of heavy charged particles are compared for a large variety of ions from Helium to Uranium and energies between 1 and 1000 MeV/u which correspond to LET values between 10 and 16000 keV/micrometers. The different cross section for the induction of strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations as well as for inactivation and mutation induction exhibit striking similarities when compared as function of the linear energy transfer (LET). At LET values below 100 keV/micrometers all data points of one specific effect form one single curve as a function of LET, independent of the atomic number of the ion. In this LET range, the biological effects are independ from the particle energy or track structure and depend only on the energy transfer. Therefore, LET is a good parameter in this regime. For LET values greater than 100 keV/micrometers, the curves for the different ions separate from the common curve in order of increasing atomic numbers. In this regime LET is no longer a good parameter and the physical parameters of the formation of particle tracks are important. The similarity of the sigma-LET curves for different endpoints indicates that the 'hook-structure' is produced by physical and chemical effects which occur before the biologically relevant lesions are formed. However, from the existing data of biological effects, it can be concluded that the efficiencies for cell killing are always smaller than those extrapolated from X-ray data on the basis of the energy deposition only. Therefore, cells which are directly hit by an HZE particle are not killed and undergo a finite risk of mutation and transformation.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1989

A total body irradiation stand for bone marrow transplant patients.

A stand designed for the immobilization of patients standing during total body irradiation (TBI) with horizontal 10 MV X rays is described. The stand reduces patient movement and facilitates the initial positioning and repositioning of patients during 11 fractions of TBI over a 3 2/3 day period. Details of design and use are presented. The stand is regularly used to treat TBI patients.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1989

Primary health care for the children of Sarawak.

Rosalind Benster and Judith Stanton went to Sarawak to study child health care. Their aim was to highlight areas of most need so that the tiny health budget could be channelled in the relevant directions. They found cultural and environmental differences to account for significant differences in the nutritional status of children from different tribes. They suggest remedies to this situation.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Rapid diagnosis and management of parainfluenza I virus infection in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

During 1983 a severe episode of respiratory infection occurred in a marmoset colony at these laboratories. Of 91 marmosets, 69 showed clinical signs of disease, one died and nine were so ill that euthanasia was necessary. Eight were examined post mortem and all showed consolidation of the lungs. Laboratory studies were carried out in an attempt to establish the cause of the outbreak and an interstitial pneumonia was found in seven animals which were examined histologically. Direct electron microscopy of nasal swabs and lung samples revealed the presence of a high titre of a paramyxovirus, and subsequent immunofluorescence studies established that the particular paramyxovirus involved was parainfluenza virus type I. Subsequent studies showed that surviving affected animals had seroconverted to parainfluenza I virus while animals that had not been implicated in the outbreak had not.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Study of discrepancies in rubella haemagglutinin titrations and a reappraisal of diluents used in the rubella haemagglutination inhibition technique.

To elucidate inconsistencies in rubella haemagglutinin assays the components of the assay technique were examined. The results of carefully controlled assays of rubella haemagglutinin antigens from different sources in various plates and diluents with four species of indicator cells are reported. The quality and quantity of gelatin in the dextrose-gelatin-veronal buffered diluent commonly used in rubella haemagglutinin assays had a profound effect on the haemagglutination pattern and antigen titre. The veronal buffered saline used in the complement fixation test offered a valid alternative to the more complex diluents incorporating gelatin currently used in rubella haemagglutinin assays and haemagglutination inhibition tests.

Albumins↗
PubMed1985

United Kingdom scheme for external quality assessment in virology. Part II. Specimen distribution, performance assessment, and analyses of participants' methods in detection of rubella antibody, hepatitis B markers, general virus serology, virus identification, and electron microscopy.

Methods for the preparation and pre-distribution testing of specimens for external quality assessment in virology have been defined and criteria for allocation of scores for participants' reports on each category of specimen have been established. Specimens for detection of rubella antibody or markers of hepatitis B infection consist of human serum samples, which are distributed after detailed assessment of the expected results. In testing for rubella antibody or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) the scores given for reports of positive, equivocal, or negative depend on the specimen's content of antibody or HBsAg as established in the external quality assessment laboratory. For general virus serology two serum samples must be tested against a designated antigen by the complement fixation method; the score allocated for each participant's results depends on the ratio of the two titres he records, which is then compared with a target value derived from the results of a panel of participating laboratories. In virus identification and electron microscopy specimens are prepared from cultures or from clinical samples, and scores depend on the accuracy of identification. The pre-distribution tests necessary to establish the virus content and stability of these specimens have been defined, and media suitable for transporting specimens for virus culture, fluorescent antibody staining, or electron microscopy have been developed. A participant's overall success rate for each specimen is judged from the mean score (maximum 2) calculated from the scores of all participants examining the specimen. Mean scores were highest for detection of rubella antibody or HBsAg (from 1.67 to 1.96) and lowest for specimens containing certain small enteric viruses distributed for electron microscopy (0.82 to 1.12). Participants' reports on the methods used for each specimen have been analysed. Current changes and developments in methods have been recorded, and attempts have been made to relate the use of various techniques and test kits to successes or failures with various types of specimen.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Assessment of nutritional correlates of blood pressure.

Nutritional factors are thought to contribute to the development of hypertension in susceptible humans. This review categorizes the types of nutrition-related data currently available on the relation between diet and blood pressure and provides guidelines for interpreting and using these data. The nutrition data base and the net effect of specific nutrients on blood pressure are discussed, and examples from the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey are given to compare demographic characteristics of various nutrients with demographic characteristics of hypertension in our society. Criteria for evaluating the strength and relevance of a specific nutrient's influence on blood pressure are presented. A comprehensive, continued assessment of all studies of diet and blood pressure control should assure better understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of human hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sustaining board trains future trustees.

The sustaining board of fellows of Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, serves as a training ground for future members of the hospital's board of trustees. The sustaining board also sponsors numerous hospital projects, including a student scholarship program and various community outreach programs.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current emergency treatment of severe migraine headaches.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of the combination of meperidine and hydroxyzine IM, versus dihydroergotamine and metoclopramide IV in the treatment of severe migraine headaches. DESIGN: This was a randomized double-blind, double-dummy study. SETTING: Established patients, whose headache had failed to respond to their usual abortive agent, were invited to an out-patient headache clinic for the study. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight patients, diagnosed as suffering from either migraine headache or chronic daily headache, were screened on arrival to exclude life-threatening causes. INTERVENTION: Group A (14 patients) received dihydroergotamine 1mg and metoclopramide 10mg IV and a placebo injection IM, and Group B (14 patients) received meperidine 75mg and hydroxyzine 75mg IM and a placebo injection IV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients rated their headaches on a scale of 0-3 prior to treatment and again at 30 and 60 minutes. RESULTS: Both groups experienced improvement in headache severity. (Group A P = 0.001 and Group B P = 0.003). Improvement in pain scale score was greater for Group A than Group B. (P = 0.006). The number of patients having a mild or no headache in Group A (13/14) was significantly greater than Group B (3/14). (P < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: The combination of dihydroergotamine and metoclopramide IV should replace the standard IM narcotic and anti-emetic as the parenteral treatment of choice for severe migraine headache.

Dihydroergotamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlling costs.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cost Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Planning for physician succession: no longer a luxury.

Many physicians are opting for early retirement rather than contend with the increasing loss of control within the changing health care environment. Unfortunately, these retirements are often abrupt--the physician is unaware until it's too late that quick transitions to new successors can yield disastrous financial results. Physicians sometimes overestimate the intrinsic value of their practices. Sometimes they are emotionally unprepared for the change, and bail out at the last minute. In either case, unplanned successions often result in a serious loss of practice value for the physician and a loss of market share for affiliated hospitals and groups. Physicians and administrators must work together to prepare a succession plan allowing adequate time to phase in the new successor. This helps maintain practice value, ensuring there are no unpleasant surprises when the physician retires. In this article, the author also provides a checklist containing succession plan guidelines.

Financial Audit↗