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Biomedical subjects

J Spencer

Publications and source records attributed to J Spencer.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prospective randomized multicentre trial of proximal gastric vagotomy or truncal vagotomy and antrectomy for chronic duodenal ulcer: results after 5-7 years.

In a prospective, randomized study 145 patients with duodenal ulcer have been followed 5-7 years after proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) or truncal vagotomy with antrectomy (TVA). Postoperative complications were significantly higher after TVA (P less than 0.0005). There was one death due to anastomotic leakage after TVA. The recurrence rate was significantly higher after PGV (9.9 per cent). Postoperative symptoms were less after PGV (P less than 0.01). Due to the recurrence rate after PGV there was no overall significant difference in the Visick grading, although perfect results (Visick I) were seen significantly more often (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that better results follow PGV.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

The accuracy of the plain abdominal radiograph in assessing colonic faecal contamination.

A prospective study of 333 out-patients assessed the accuracy of determining colonic cleansing from the plain abdominal radiograph. The results indicate that the amount of colon contaminated with faeces was significantly underestimated and the difference in efficacy between the best and worst preparation regimens could not be detected from the plain film. Nevertheless, plain films have been used in comparative studies of preparation regimens for barium enema. It is suggested that results so obtained are misleading and that comparisons are best made on barium films alone.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1983

Effect of cysteamine on gastroduodenal mucosal histamine in rat.

Cysteamine administration to rats is followed by a high incidence of peptic ulceration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cysteamine on gastric and duodenal mucosal histamine and gastric mucosal histamine formation capacity. After a four hour fast, cysteamine in doses of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg bodyweight was injected subcutaneously to male Wistar rats; saline injection was used as control. After 24 hours the animals were killed; the stomach and duodenum were removed and examined for ulceration. Mucosal biopsies were taken for histamine studies. Gastric and duodenal ulceration tended to appear with increasing incidence with higher doses. A direct correlation was found between the dose of cysteamine and gastric mucosal histamine (p less than 0.02), and duodenal mucosal histamine (p less than 0.05). Further, a direct relationship was found between gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity and the dose of cysteamine (p less than 0.05). Gastric mucosal histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity showed a direct correlation (p less than 0.001). Gastric and duodenal mucosal histamine and gastric mucosal histamine formation capacity were higher in rats with ulcers than in controls and rats without ulcers. In rat, cysteamine induces dose related changes in mucosal histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity. These changes are related to ulcer formation; histamine may be involved in the pathophysiology of cysteamine induced ulcer formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The ABCs of buying.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMed1983

IgA antibodies in the bile of rats. III. The role of intrathoracic lymph nodes and the migration pattern of their blast cells.

Eight weeks after rats had had their mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) removed surgically, they were found to be still able to generate substantial titres of biliary IgA-antibodies after antigens were injected into their Peyer's patches. This suggested that systemically significant IgA production could be induced in extra-abdominal lymphoid tissue. It was found that the intrathoracic lymph nodes (ITLN) were an important source of IgA production. These nodes could be stimulated to produce biliary antibody by introducing antigen either into the peritoneal cavity or directly into the thorax. Cells forming IgA were identified in the ITLNs by haemolytic plaque assays and immunoperoxidase techniques. In spite of this, immunoblasts obtained from the ITLNs, and labelled with 125IUdR did not localize in the gut after i.v. injection to anywhere near the extent that immunoblasts from the MLN did. Instead they seemed to have a predilection for localizing in the lungs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Results of Eder-Puestow dilatation in the management of esophageal peptic strictures.

Eder-Puestow dilatation of esophageal strictures is a safe procedure. The treatment is followed by symptomatic improvement, but the effect of dilatation on the patients' nutritional state has so far not been reported. We have reviewed 33 patients with benign esophageal stricture with special regard to the effect of dilatation on body weight. A total of 152 dilatations was carried out. All patients had dysphagia, 32 patients had heartburn and 20 had regurgitation. Hiatus hernia was present in 29 patients. Thirteen patients had antireflux surgery; 10 operations were performed before, and four during the dilatation period. One patient required no further dilatations after operation. Dilators greater than 35 FG were passed in 85% of the dilatations. No serious complications occurred. Patients were followed for up to 5 yr (mean follow-up: 27 months). The mean interval between dilatations was 7 months. Body weight was recorded before and one month after dilatation on 78 occasions. There was a significant overall weight increase of 0.78 kg 1 month after dilatation. The mean weight increase was greater after the first dilatation (1.06 kg) than after subsequent ones (0.6 kg). We found that Eder-Puestow dilatation in patients with benign esophageal stricture led to symptomatic improvement and was followed by an increase in body weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Routine colonic lavage is unnecessary for double-contrast barium enema in outpatients.

Four different cleansing regimens were assessed in a prospective survey of 435 patients referred for barium enema. A regimen using simple dietary instructions and laxatives is as effective as a preliminary cleansing enema. It is suggested that routine cleansing enemas in outpatients represent an unnecessary and uncomfortable ritual that might usefully be abandoned.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

Anxiety, diazepam and retrieval from semantic memory.

Diazepam, an anxiolytic, was administered to 16 undergraduate volunteers in a double-blind design. Eight subjects were selected to be high in State and Trait anxiety and were slow in recall on a semantic memory task compared to non-anxious subjects. Instead of alleviating this detrimental effect of anxiety on memory, diazepam slowed recall in both the anxious and non-anxious.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The rat isolated stomach sheet; an in vitro model for the study of the physiology and pharmacology of gastric acid secretion.

The development of an isolated stomach preparation from immature rats is described. Acid secretion was measured by titration of mucosal samples taken at 15 min intervals. Nonstimulated acid secretion was generally in the range 60-180 mumol H+g-1 wet weight of mucosa hr-1 and was maintained for up to 5.5 hr. A small proportion of stomachs (20%) had a higher level of spontaneous secretion which fell to the more usual low level within 1.5 hr. Pentagastrin (1.3 X 10(-8) M-1.3 X 10(-7) M), bethanechol (2 X 10(-6) M-3 X 10(-5) M), histamine (5 X 10(-6) M-5 X 10(-4) M) and theophylline (2 X 10(-4) M-1 X 10(-3) M) induced concentration-dependent stimulation of acid secretion. Linear log-dose response relationships were obtained for each of the four stimulants. The regression coefficients from each drug study, calculated over a similar increase in concentration, were not significantly different from one another. The maximal secretory rates recorded with the four secretagogues were comparable, range 152.5-226.0 mumol H+g-1hr-1. The methodology and results are compared with other mammalian in vitro stomach preparations currently used to study the physiology and pharmacology of gastric acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Diazepam and self or externally paced letter matching tasks.

1. Sixteen human volunteers were administered 5mg of valium or placebo on 2 visits to the laboratory. 2. Their performance in a letter matching task was studied when it was self-paced and when externally-paced by the experimenter. 3. Self-paced performance was affected by the diazepam especially in letter matches by name. 4. This supported Mirsky and Kornetsky's conclusion (1964) rather than Frowein and Sanders (1978) recent findings.

Adolescent↗