Immunofluorescent reactivity of human and rabbit anti-actin antibody compared.
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Actins↗
Biomedical subjects
J Sotelo
Publications and source records attributed to J Sotelo.
Mechanisms of smooth muscle antibody production: a clinical study in children with infections, haemolytic syndromes, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Sera from 530 children suffering from various diseases and from 64 controls were tested for smooth muscle autoantibodies (SMA) by indirect immunofluorescence. A high incidence of SMA (51-86%) was found in patients with viral and bacterial infections (viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, measles, mumps, chickenpox, typhoid fever, and brucellosis), independently of liver invovlvement, and in patients with acute haemolytic anaemia due to G-6-PD deficiency (48%). By contrast, the incidence of SMA from patients with beta-thalassaemia major and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was no higher than in the controls. The discrepancy in incidence in haemolytic anaemias due to different causes may reflect the effect of endogenous and extrinsic agents. In the viral infections, SMA were mainly of the IgM class and gave an 'SMA-V' staining pattern. In bacterial infections (typhoid fever and brucellosis), SMA were either IgG only or IgM and IgG, and the staining pattern was also mainly 'SMA-V'. In infections which affect or may affect the liver (viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, typhoid fever, and brucellosis), SMA was present at high titres (1:80-1:320), whereas in infections not affecting the liver (measles, mumps, and chickenpox) the titres were lower (less than or equal to 1:80). In most patients SMA occurred transiently and without apparent pathogenetic significance. The antigen against which infection-induced SMA is directed is not actin; its nature has yet to be identified.
Acute Disease↗
Viral infections and IgM autoantibodies to cytoplasmic intermediate filaments.
Seventy-four out of 113 sera from patients with infectious hepatitis, chickenpox, measles and mumps reacted with both smooth muscle and cytoplasmic filaments in cultured fibroblasts and neuroblastoma. Five out of eighty-five control sera also reacted in this way. That the cytoplasmic structures are intermediate filaments was suggested by their rearrangement into coils of perinuclear filaments in colchicine- or vinblastine-treated fibroblasts, but not in cytochalasin B-treated cells. The idenity of these structures was confirmed by the demonstration that the same structures reacted with the post-viral sera and a rabbit and human anti-intermediate filament antibody. Immunoabsorption studies showed that twenty-seven out of thirty-two positive sera were neutralised by skeletin, the intermediate filament protein from smooth muscle. In all but one of the sera, the antibody was IgM. Antibody titres fell in the second specimen in eleven out of fourteen pairs of acute and convalescent sera. The association between viral infections and autoantibodies suggest that production of antibodies suggests that production of antibody to intermediate filaments may be initiated by viruses.
Adolescent↗
Ultrastructural changes in limb distal nerves of rats with alcoholism and/or malnutrition before and after dietary correction.
To study peripheral nerves changes in chronic alcoholism and in malnutrition, we examined ultrastructurally the distal nerve branches of the digits of rats treated with four different dietary schemes, as follows: controls (n = 22), fed standard rodent diet plus water ad libitum; alcoholism (n = 12), fed the standard diet and 2-12% ethanol in drinking water; malnutrition (n = 21), fed with corn tortillas instead of standard diet; and alcoholism and malnutrition combined (n = 22). After 10 months under these conditions, a proportion of animals from each group were sacrificed. The remaining rats of the malnutrition and alcoholism alone groups were deferred a standard diet. The combined alcohol + malnutrition group was subdivided into standard diet, malnutrition and ethanol. After a further 4 months under these new conditions, the animals were sacrificed. Ultrastructural examination of limb distal nerve branches showed that glycogen-like particles were more common in malnourished animals, whereas remyelinating axons were more numerous in ethanol-treated rats. Bands of regeneration were present in both groups, but were more common in animals treated with ethanol. These features decreased significantly when the respective nutritional factor was reversed. The results confirm that ethanol plays a definitive role in the development of alcoholic neuropathy and that malnutrition accentuates, the histopathological abnormalities.
Alcoholism↗
Possible association between Taenia solium cysticercosis and cancer: increased frequency of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes from neurocysticercosis patients.
Helminths, particularly some Schistosoma species, have been associated with cancer in humans. Neurocysticercosis, produced by cysticerci of the helminth Taenia solium, has been associated with the emergence of brain tumours and haematological malignancies. Local tumours, such as glioblastoma, could be explained by the induction of DNA damage in cells surrounding the cysticercus and chronically exposed to an inflammatory host response. However, systemic effects such as haematological malignancies are not easy to understand. The present work was conducted in Mexico to find out whether DNA damage arises in peripheral lymphocytes in patients with neurocysticercosis. We utilized a highly sensitive technique to analyse chromosomal aberrations, in-situ hybridization with probes against chromosomes 1, 2 and 4, and in addition the blocked-cytokinesis technique was used to determine the formation of micronuclei, a peculiar form of DNA damage. The study was made in lymphocytes from 8 patients before and after the administration of praziquantel, 1 of the 2 drugs used for neurocysticercosis treatment. The frequencies of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes were higher in the infected patients as compared to those observed both in healthy donors and in the group of patients after praziquantel therapy. Our results suggest that chromosome aberrations induced in peripheral cells during neurocysticercosis could be associated with the development of haematological neoplasias.
Adult↗
Possible relationship between neurocysticercosis and hematological malignancies.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown an increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in lymphocytes from animals and humans with cysticercosis. Some reports have suggested an association between cancer and cysticercosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between neurocysticercosis and cancer. METHODS: We designed a mortality rate study from the autopsy files of the Department of Pathology at the General Hospital of Mexico. A total of 1,271 autopsy files were reviewed. All files in which a malignant neoplasia was found during autopsy were selected as cases. Autopsies in which no malignant disease was found were used as controls. The odds ratio was determined between the frequency of neurocysticercosis in patients with any malignant neoplasia and that of the controls. RESULTS: Neurocysticercosis was more frequent in cases with malignant hematological diseases (MHD) than in controls (p = 0.01). The odds ratio for this association was 3.54, with 95% confidence interval from 1.17-9.79. CONCLUSIONS: Most human cancers arise from the interaction of a multiplicity of factors, including xenobiotics and endogenous constituents. Therefore, while it will be difficult to demonstrate that neurocysticercosis is a causal agent of malignant hematological diseases (MHD), it should be considered as a potential risk factor for cancer induction in countries where cysticercosis remains a public health problem.
Adolescent↗
Conspicuous similarities between the nervous and immune systems.
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Humans↗
Chronic malnutrition does not influence the development of ethylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors.
There is controversy over the subject of malnutrition as a potential risk factor for cancer; we studied the effect of chronic malnutrition on the development of tumors in rats prenatally exposed to the carcinogenic ethylnitrosourea. Twelve pregnant Wistar rats were administered on the 19th day of gestation with a single i.v. dose of 30 mg/kg of ethylnitrosourea. Immediately after weaning, at 23 days of age, half of the offspring were nourished with a protein-deficient diet (less than 6%), which consisted mostly of a corn-based diet with high calorie and low fiber contents. In the adult age, 83 rats (74%) developed a tumor of the nervous system; in comparison with controls, we found no differences in time of development, site and histological characteristics of the tumors that developed in animals subjected to chronic malnutrition.
Animals↗
Neurocysticercosis: an update.
Cysticercosis is the commonest parasitic disease of the central nervous system and is endemic not only in developing countries but in industrialized nations with high rates of immigration from endemic areas. Clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis are non-specific and depend mainly on the number and the topography of the lesions, the host immune response to the parasite, and the sequelae of previous infections. Diagnosis is difficult on clinical grounds, but integration of data from computed tomography and cerebrospinal fluid analysis permits accurate diagnosis of most cases. Therapy for neurocysticercosis is also varied and must be individualized according to the activity of the disease and location of cysticerci. In this paper, the experience of the authors with neurocysticercosis is summarized and current information on several controversial aspects of this disease is reviewed.
Animals↗
Immunofluorescence demonstrates the distribution of actin, myosin and intermediate filaments in cultured neuroblastoma cells.
Monolayers of cultured neuroblastoma cells were examined for immunofluorescent reactivity with antibodies directed against actin, myosin or intermediate filaments. In well spread cells, antibody to intermediate filaments stained an intricate cytoplasmic network which extended as filament bundles into cell processes; in poorly spread or rounded cells, the antibody stained thick juxtanuclear filament bundles. By contrast, antibodies to actin or myosin reacted with microspikes and with axonal growth cones. The different topographical distribution of actin, myosin and intermediate filaments suggests that while actin and myosin may have roles in axon elongation, intermediate filaments may function as an internal cytoskeleton as well as in axoplasmic transport. The different distribution of intermediate filaments in well spread compared with rounded cells suggests that the cell makes its filaments prior to axon development and that the filaments subsequently unwind and migrate into the cell processes to form the axon skeleton.
Actins↗
Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments in cultured glial cells.
Monolayer cultures of rat glial cells derived from 12 to 14 day fetal spinal cords and rat C6 glioma cells were examined for immunofluorescent reactivity with human or rabbit autoantibodies to intermediate filaments and with rabbit antibody to GFAP. The embryonic glial cells and C6 glima cells reacted identically with both. Protoplasmic astrocytes gave immunofluorescent staining of an intricate network of cytoplasmic filaments while fibrous astrocytes and C6 glioma cells gave diffuse cytoplasmic staining of the cell body and cell processes. Cells, pretreated with colchicine or vinblastine, showed staining of thick coils of peri-nuclear, circum-nuclear, or juxtanuclear filaments. The observations suggest that intermediate filaments in glial cells contain unique antigenic determinants as well as antigenic determinants shared with intermediate filaments in other cell types,
Animals↗
Effect of anticysticercal treatment on the prognosis of epilepsy in neurocysticercosis: a pilot trial.
Epilepsy secondary to active or inactive neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a major public health problem in Latin American countries. In an open-label pilot trial, we evaluated and followed (mean = 13 months) 16 patients with epilepsy resulting from active NCC which was treated with anticisticercal (ACC) drugs. These patients were aged 12-68 years with confirmed active NCC and seizures not controlled by adequate antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Patients were treated with albendazole or praziquantel (ALB and PZQ, ACC drugs) and AED monotherapy. The number of NCC cysts was markedly reduced by ACC therapy. Thirteen patients remained seizure-free and 2 had only one seizure during follow-up. Our data suggest a positive effect of ACC treatment on the prognosis of epilepsy caused by active NCC, but a prospective, double-blind, controlled study with long-term follow-up must be performed to determine whether ACC therapy improves long-term seizure control.
Adolescent↗
[A short praziquantel regimen for the treatment of parenchymatous neurocysticercosis].
OBJECTIVE: Fifteen-day praziquantel therapy for parenchymal neurocysticercosis has been shown to be effective. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of praziquantel peak two hours after administration. Maintenance of high concentrations of the drug for six hours may be an adequate therapy for the disease. METHODS: Thirty patients with parenchymal neurocysticercosis were treated with three oral doses of praziquantel(25 mg/kg) at two-hour intervals. Intramuscular dexamethasone (10 mg/day) was administered for three days after the praziquantel treatment. RESULTS: Cysts disappeared in 21 patients and showed a decrease in number of 30 to 60% in seven patients. Two patients remained without change. Considering the total number of cysts, this therapy showed a 70.7% eradication rate. Two patients had seizures, six reported headache, and nausea was frequently reported. Patients under antiepileptic treatment did not have seizures. CONCLUSION: The cost and duration of treatment with praziquantel were significantly reduced and the inflammation that follow the destruction of the parasite was treated sequentially.
Adult↗
[Chemotherapy of cysticercosis. Review about its pharmacokinetics and toxicology].
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system. Praziquantel and albendazole are the two cestocide drugs currently used for the treatment of NCC. The present article reviews the studies on the pharmacokinetics of these compounds, both in animals and humans, that have led to more accurate, precise and short treatment schedules for NCC. Toxicological data indicate that both praziquantel and albendazole do not have severe secondary effects in the short term, however, there is still not sufficient information about their long term effects on human health, mainly with respect to albendazole, for which few studies on its effects on human cells are available. These two drugs constitute an effective treatment not only for NCC but also for several helminthiosis. To keep this advantageuos situation, health care professionals should be aware of the necessity of a more rational use of both anthelminthics, since the potentially adverse long term effects could be related to time and dose of exposure as well as to individual susceptibility. In addition, there is always the possibility that the misuse of these compounds could give rise to resistant species, that may represent a significant problem for public health in countries where parasitic diseases are endemic.
Albendazole↗
[Inaugural speech at the 87th academic year. National Academy of Medicine].
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Academies and Institutes↗
MR imaging in cysticercotic encephalitis.
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Acute Disease↗
[Biopsy of gingiva in the diagnosis of microangiopathic diabetes].
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Biopsy↗