Visual arts training to enhance observational skills of medical students.
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Anatomy↗
Biomedical subjects
J Sorenson
Publications and source records attributed to J Sorenson.
Chromosome changes in a patient achieving complete remission in the acute phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph') [t(9q+;22q-)] in all cells and trisomy C in 13% of cells (later determined to be trisomy 8) at the time of diagnosis. After 21 months of intermittent treatment with busulfan, the acute phase developed with the appearance of an additional abnormality (trisomy ? 19). During a complete remission and reconversion to the chronic phase, trisomies 8 and ? 19 DISAPPEARed, although the Ph' remained. Following a period of marked thrombocytosis, a second relapse occurred with the reappearance of both marker chromosomes.
Adult↗
Cell loss from three established lines of the C3H mouse mammary tumor: a comparison of the 125I-UdR and the 3H-TdR-autoradiographic methods.
The 125I-UdR method for measuring cell loss from solid tumors has been reevaluated. The rate of tumor cell loss from three established lines (S 102F, S102S and Slow) of the C3H mouse mammary tumor was determined by the 125I-UdR method and the results were compared to the estimates for cell loss as determined by the combined approach of cellular 3H-TdR autoradiography and volumetric growth-rate determinations. This detailed comparison shows that the two methods complement each other but cannot substitute for one another because they give different quantitative information. The combined approach measures the flow of viable cells, as determined morphologically, from the proliferating compartment to the quiescent comparment, the quiescent compartment out of the tumor, etc., but does not evaluate the flow of degenerate cells or acellular (necrotic) debris. In contrast, the 125I-UdR method indicates the net flow of intact cells and/or dead cells as well as debris from the tumor as the 125I-labeled material is lost from the tumor, but gives limited internal information. thus, depending on the specific experiment, an investigator could choose one or the other of the methods to answer the question. Perhaps both would be desirable at times; however, in most cases, one could not substitute one method for the other. The data from the Slow tumors also indicate that in certain tumors, the quantitative information from the 125I-UdR method may be quite limited, i.e. the confidence limits within an experiment as well as the replication error between experiments may be high.
Animals↗
Glioblastoma multiforme: MR imaging at 1.5 and 9.4 T after injection of polylysine-DTPA-Gd in rats.
Polylysine-DTPA-Gd, a new MR contrast agent, was injected into the aorta of rats 7 days after C6 glioblastoma was implanted in their brains; MR imaging was performed 3 days later. The imaging was done at two field strengths: (1) 1.5 T with a 3-mm slice thickness and in-plane resolutions of 600 microns and (2) 9.4 T with a 125- or 500-microns slice thickness and in-plane resolutions of 95 microns. In animals injected with polylysine-DTPA-Gd (1 microgram or more per rat), the T1-weighted images and mixed T1, T2 images of the C6 glioblastoma revealed a higher signal intensity at the marginal region between tumor and normal brain than that seen in surrounding normal brain. The central tumor region had a low signal intensity. The concentration of Gd in the C6 glioblastoma, after injection of 1 microgram polylysine-DTPA-Gd per rat, was calculated to be 0.14 mumol/l. The central tumor region also had a low signal intensity in animals that were not injected with the contrast agent, but the margin between tumor and normal brain was resolved poorly, if at all. The polylysine-DTPA-Gd revealed the microvasculature of the C6 glioblastoma in the 125-micron-thick slices obtained at 9.4 T. This is the first study to reveal the utility of the 9.4-T MR imager for examination of glioblastomas in situ and to demonstrate the utility of polylysine-DTPA-Gd as a contrast agent for the definition of the margin between glioblastoma and normal brain tissue.
Animals↗
Guidance for using a pilot study: an example of research on minority children.
Sound research requires careful definition of the research problem, identification of critical variables and the sources of data for variables, design of procedures and instruments to ensure valid and reliable data, and appropriate and comprehensive data analyses. Additionally, adequate personnel, time, and budgetary resources are required. To help ensure that research addressing minority health issues meets these requirements, this article provides investigators with practical guidance for using pilot projects, not simply as small nongeneralizable studies but also as techniques to address each of these issues. The authors provide examples from real-life research, addressing the health outcomes of minority children who receive care through the Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis.
Child↗