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Biomedical subjects

J Sinclair

Publications and source records attributed to J Sinclair.

97 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

Environmental effects on health.

Patients with a cancer or respiratory disease and parents of children with a congenital abnormality often ask nurses: 'What caused this? Was it pollution or my job, or something I've done?' Often there is no clear answer. Media coverage--of such issues as Sellafield and childhood leukaemias, mobile phones and brain cancers, or waste sites and congenital abnormalities--may prompt a rash of questions from anxious patients. This article discusses environmental issues so that nurses are in a position to answer some of these questions.

Environmental Exposure↗

[Antibiotypes of bacterial strains isolated from patients at the intensive care units].

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in intensive care units has permitted the selection of multiple resistant bacterial strains in the hospital setting. Antibiograms present the sensitivity or resistance of these strains to drugs in current use. In this study, 100 bacterial strains were isolated from patients on medical and surgical ICU wards. The strains were identified by API-20E and sensitivity testing was performed by the E-test procedure. MIC were further analyzed with the WHONET software wich permits the identification of antibiotypes. Acinetobacter anitratus, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae were the most resistant strains. Nine antibiotypes were determinated for A. Anitratus. Predominant strain presented antibiotypes with multiple resistance to ten antibiotics. P. aeruginosa presented 10 antibiotypes, the predominant one being CTX, CRO, CTX. Antibiotype determination allows phenotypic identification or resistance patterns in particular species as well as facilitates follow up and recognition of its epidemiological distribution.

Bacteria↗

Gastroesophageal reflux induced by exercise in healthy volunteers.

The effects of different types of exercise on gastroesophageal reflux were evaluated during fasting and postprandially in 12 asymptomatic volunteers (7 men and 5 women; mean age, 28 years) using an ambulatory intraesophageal pH monitor. The 1-hour exercise period included stationary bicycling (aerobic exercise with little agitation of the body), running (aerobic exercise with a high degree of agitation of the body), and a weight routine (nonaerobic exercise). Each exercise was performed for 15 minutes with 5 minutes of rest between exercises. The weight routine consisted of five different exercises (sit-ups, bench press, sitting arm press, prone leg curls, and sitting leg press) chosen to compare upper-body vs lower-body exercise and supine vs upright position. Each exercise hour was preceded by a 1-hour baseline period on 2 days (fasting and postprandial). The results indicate that vigorous exercise can induce gastroesophageal reflux in normal subjects. Running induced the most reflux, and aerobic exercises with less bodily agitation (bicycle) produced less reflux and may offer an alternate form of exercise for patients with reflux. The weight routine induced gastroesophageal reflux in some subjects, although no particular exercise was associated with more reflux. Postprandial exercise showed a similar pattern of induced gastroesophageal reflux, although of greater amount.

Adult↗

Recurrent posterior shoulder dislocation in children: the results of surgical management.

Recurrent posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint in children is rare. Because very few studies in the literature deal with the surgical management of this problem or guidelines for patient selection for surgery, we reviewed the outcomes of surgical management of six patients aged 9-17 years. Of the seven shoulders repaired, three underwent a posterior bone block and four a glenoplasty, all augmented with a posterior Putti-Platt type capsulorrhaphy. Only one child required reoperation 3.5 years after the initial surgery. All patients had pain-free full use of the affected shoulder, and all shoulders were clinically stable at long-term follow-up averaging 9.4 years. By using the available literature and the results of this study, we developed a series of guidelines for the selection of children with recurrent posterior dislocation of the shoulder for surgical repair.

Adolescent↗