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Biomedical subjects

J Simon

Publications and source records attributed to J Simon.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanically-induced dental disease.

Malocclusion, as an etiological agent in dental disease, is among the most controversial subjects in dentistry. Bruxism has been blamed on stress and many other nondental factors. A biomechanical mechanism that serves as a contributing factor to stimulate tooth clenching and grinding is defined and used to identify the 12 common dental symptoms caused by tooth clenching and grinding. A method is proposed through which the practitioner can link the observable dental signs with the biomechanical factors for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, preferably at an early stage before the damage becomes severe.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dignity of human beings as regulatory principle in bioethics].

New discoveries and advances in biotechnology are producing new social realities which must be appraised properly from the ethical point of view. Vitally important in this task is the principle of human dignity, which is examined here by the author. Human dignity is crucial in seeking to resolve the conflicts that might arise as a result of the new possibilities opened up by modern biotechnology, such as embryo research, predictive diagnosis, gene therapy, human cloning or the issue of xenotransplants.

Bioethics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight, height, thorax and of menarche in Spanish schoolgirls.

In this paper, the authors study the correlation which exists between somatic development, represented by weight, height and thorax, and the age of onset of menarche. The results indicate that girls showing early menarche have a somatic development greater than the mean. It has also been possible to show that the greatest increase in height occurs before the menarche, while the greatest increase in weight coincides with the appearance of the menarche, or occurs shortly afterwards.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of sulphonylurea therapy on the outcome of coronary heart diseases in diabetic patients.

A retrospective study was performed on 1040 diabetic patients. The survival time of those treated with first generation sulphonylureas (n = 227) was considerably (P < 0.001) shorter after the first attack of angina pectoris (5 +/- 1 years, mean +/- S.E.) or acute myocardial infarction (6 +/- 1 years) than of those (9 +/- 1 years) on glibenclamide treatment (n = 144), with regime alone (n = 282) or treated with insulin (n = 387). The systolic blood pressure of patients with first generation sulphonylureas (166 +/- 1/91 +/- 1 mmHg) proved to be higher (P < 0.01) than those treated with glibenclamide (159 +/- 1/91 +/- 1 mmHg) or being on regime alone (155 +/- 1/89 +/- 1 mmHg) or on insulin (156 +/- 1/89 +/- 1 mmHg) treatments. Serum sodium level was found to be lower (P < 0.05) in patients treated with any kind of sulphonylureas (138 +/- 1 mmol/l) than in the other patients (143 +/- 1 mmol/l). During an observation period, 576 of patients died, 412 of them due to cardiovascular or renal failures. Among the diabetic subjects suffering from coronary heart disease no difference could be detected in risk factors except for higher systolic blood pressure. The shorter survival time of patients treated with first-generation sulphonylureas might be explained by the arrhythmogenic activity of first-generation sulphonylureas. Improvement in therapy, metabolic and cardiovascular alterations during the survey can not be responsible for the shorter survival time of patients treated with first generation-sulphonylureas.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value and technique of measuring the tibia length in pathological conditions of the newborn (author's transl)].

Together with determining the bone age of the immature and/or small-for date neonate, it is possible to work out the length of the tibia on the profile X ray of the leg. Authors have drafted up a scale of growth, featuring the 10 th, 50 th and 90 th percentiles common for boys and girls ranging from 28 to 42 weeks of gestation and they propose this new criterion for the study of pathological neonates, particularly the small-for-date. The method has a second advantage: it is possible to follow the increment of the tibia length by X rays taken at regular intervals and thus to estimate the various factors that can interfere with the child's growth, and in the first place, the quality of the food given to the child.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[X-ray pictures in pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Nine cases of immunodepressed patients (author's transl)].

The authors analyse the pulmonary symptoms found by X-Ray in nine immunodepressed patients who were hosts to Pneumocystis carinii. The radiological abnormalities do not generally appear early nor are they specific; the syndrome of diffuse alveolar consolidation only appears at a late stage, it is most serious in the base and the peri-hilar regions, but does not affect the apex. It would appear that no prognostic value can be ascribed to the radiological results. The authors therefore suggest bronchial scanning for tracking down the Pneumocystis whenever suspicious clinical symptoms appear.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of insulin, corticosterone, T3, T4 and insulin sensitivity in fat and lean chickens.

The late generations of fat (FL) and lean (LL) chickens were compared. In the fasted state, plasma glucose was lower in FL chickens, whereas insulin, T3, T4 and corticosterone were unchanged. In the fed state, plasma insulin and T4 were increased in FL chickens whereas glucose, T3 and corticosterone were unchanged. During ad libitum refeeding both plasma glucose and insulin, and to a lesser degree T3, were lower and T4 higher in FL chickens whereas corticosterone remained unchanged between lines. The low glucose and insulin levels observed in FL during refeeding, which were not observed in the F4 generation, were also found after force-feeding. In contrast, during oral glucose tolerance test, as in previous generations, a better glucose tolerance, higher plasma insulin and slightly higher free fatty acid levels were found in FL chickens. The hypoglycemic effect of exogenous insulin was very similar (and poor) in both lines in the fed state and was higher in FL than in LL chickens in the fasted state. From the present and previous studies, a change in the glucose-insulin balance and possibly, in T3, could account for the differences in fattening of both lines.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucagon-insulin balance in genetically lean or fat chickens.

Circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were compared in genetically lean (LL) or fat (FL) lines of chickens between 5 and 6 weeks of age. FL birds exhibited lower levels of plasma glucose and higher levels of NEFA when fasted or fed; however no genotypic differences were found for insulin or glucagon. Oral glucose tolerance test induced higher insulin concentrations in FL chickens with faster glucose tolerance whereas glucagon was similar between genotypes. Refeeding led to lower plasma glucose and insulin in FL chickens but similar levels of glucagon in both lines. Exogenous insulin (0.25 or 0.50 U/kg) had less hypoglycemic effects but induced higher levels of glucagon in fasted LL chickens at 0.50 U. The insulin to glucagon ratio cannot explain differences in fattening between genotypes. Lipolysis is slightly higher in FL chickens. A difference between the 2 genotypes for their glucose-insulin balance is probably the main mechanism involved.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activated T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus induce B cells to produce immunoglobulin.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by multiple T and B cell abnormalities. This study was designed to investigate the cell surface membrane characteristics of T cells by using single and double immunofluorescence and examine the role of HLA-DR+ T cells in the production of immunoglobulin by B cells. The results presented: (a) confirm the presence of a larger population of T-cells bearing DR antigens in patients with SLE than in normal controls, (b) demonstrate that DR positive cells are equally distributed in helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets of lymphocytes from patients with SLE, (c) show no elevation in the percentage of T cells bearing interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors, (d) demonstrate that DR positive, but not DR negative T-cells, multiply in the presence of conditioned media and, (e) demonstrate that DR positive T cells provide helper factors which enhance the production of immunoglobulin by B cells. We propose that T-cells bearing DR antigens in patients with SLE are functional in vivo, and may be responsible for the B cell overactivity.

Antigens, Surface↗