Biomedical subjects

J Shumake

Publications and source records attributed to J Shumake.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Hypermetabolism of paraventricular hypothalamus in the congenitally helpless rat.

The congenitally helpless rat, selectively bred to model behavioral features of depression, has shown metabolic activity patterns in frontal and cingulate cortex similar to those detected in human imaging studies of depression and sadness. This study extends the same metabolic mapping technique (quantitative cytochrome oxidase histochemistry) to the hypothalamus, where activity levels were assessed in six nuclei: paraventricular nucleus, medial preoptic area, lateral hypothalamic area, supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and ventromedial nucleus. Helpless rats were compared with a strain of non-helpless rats selectively bred for stress resistance. Only the paraventricular nucleus showed a significant group difference, with helpless rats showing elevated metabolism and non-helpless rats showing reduced metabolism relative to normal rats. Thus, paraventricular nucleus activity may be associated with genetic susceptibility to helpless behavior.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Congenital helpless rats as a genetic model for cortex metabolism in depression.

The validity of congenital helplessness as a genetic rat model for human depression was investigated in cortical regions of the rat brain thought to be analogous to those showing abnormalities in human neuroimaging studies. Cortex metabolism was analyzed using quantitative cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Congenital helpless rats showed changes in frontal and cingulate regions comparable to those that have demonstrated metabolic differences in human depression. Significant metabolic decreases were found in dorsal frontal, medial orbital, and anterior cingulate, whereas a significant increase was found in infraradiata (subgenual) cingulate. The direction of these changes were the same as those seen in human studies. These findings support the validity of congenital helplessness as a model for human depression.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Improving patient care through problem-solving groups.

In a competitive healthcare environment where as much attention must be given to quality of care as to cost containment, hospitals must learn to involve their lowest-paid paraprofessionals in decision making, since often these people have as much or more contact with patients than do physicians and nurses. One effective employee-involvement technique is the problem-solving group (PSG), which works to identify, analyze, choose, and implement solutions to various problems that influence the quality of patient care. A PSG project involving a typical paraprofessional unit was begun in spring 1985 at Emory University Hospital, Atlanta. The project's developmental stages were the following: Gathering data; Identifying problems; Providing feedback; Selecting PSG members; Focusing on problems; Generating solutions; Choosing the best solution; Implementing solutions; Managing successful outcomes. The PSG project was successful in addressing almost all the 15 identified problems in the department. Involving the staff in the PSG project resulted in higher morale, greater satisfaction with management, and a more favorable attitude toward their jobs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗