Biomedical subjects

J Shimazaki

Publications and source records attributed to J Shimazaki.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Histochemical examination of expression of ras p21 protein and R 1881-binding protein in human prostatic cancers.

Expression of ras p21 was examined with monoclonal antibody RASK-3 in normal, benign hyperplasic, and cancerous prostates. In patients with stage D2 disease who received endocrine therapy, the relation between ras p21 expression, response to therapy, and prognosis was studied. In these patients, R 1881-binding protein (androgen receptor and progestin-binding protein) was also examined. Non-cancerous cells and most cancer cells from stage A patients did not express ras p21, while expression increased with both higher staging and grading. Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy was done in some stage A2-C cases, and presence of nodal metastasis was correlated with ras p21 expressions in the primary tumours. In stage D2, there was no correlation between ras p21 expression and R 1881-binding protein. Response to therapy and survival did not correlate with expression of ras p21, but was influenced by presence of R 1881-binding protein.

Androgen-Binding Protein↗

PubMed1990

Strategies for asymptomatic microscopic hematuria: a prospective study of 1,034 patients.

To establish strategies for treatment of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria we conducted a prospective study of 1,034 patients with this disease. The patients were examined by cystoscopy, urine cytology, abdominal ultrasound and excretory urography. On initial examination 30 highly significant lesions, including 24 cases of urological malignancies, 195 moderately significant lesions and 246 insignificant lesions were detected. In the remaining 563 patients no underlying lesion could be found. Of the 246 patients with insignificant lesions and 563 with unexplained asymptomatic microscopic hematuria followup was done in 421 at 6-month intervals for more than 1 year. A diagnosis became clear within 3 years in 22 patients, including 3 cases of bladder carcinoma and 1 of prostatic carcinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Measurement of testicular volume by ultrasonography.

To measure testicular volume accurately, an ultrasonographic method was developed and the results obtained from this compared with those obtained by conventional measurements, namely (1) comparison with testis models, (2) an orchidometer, and (3) measurement of testicular volume by calipers through the scrotal skin. Data from these methods were compared with the actual volume measured at operation by slide calipers placed directly on the testis. The volume obtained by comparison with testis models or with an orchidometer tended to over-estimate the actual volume. The volume measured by slide calipers on scrotal skin was also found to be incorrect. On the other hand, the volume measured by ultrasonography proved to be closer to, and to correlate well with, the actual volume, and was considered to be the best method.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

A case of Klinefelter's syndrome with bilateral absence of the vas deferens.

A 33-year-old male presented to the Chiba University Hospital with the main complaint of right flank pain. Bilateral vas deferens were not palpable. Hormonal examination revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and cytogenetic studies a 47,XXY karyotype. The significance of the association of this karyotype with the absence of vas deferens is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Ultrasonography of testicular tumors.

The ultrasonograms obtained from 20 cases with testicular tumors were reviewed to correlate the ultrasonographic findings with the histologic features. Some seminomas and all metastatic tumors (leukemia, malignant lymphoma and prostatic cancer) showed homogeneous and hypoechoic findings ultrasonographically. All nonseminomatous germ cell tumors had heterogeneous findings on ultrasonography. In patients with leukemia or malignant lymphoma, ultrasonography can serve as a marker in assessing the efficacy of chemotherapy or in the early diagnosis of recurrence. Scrotal ultrasonography also seems to be useful in detecting the small tumor and seems to be convenient for the follow-up of the contralateral testis of a patient who has undergone extirpation of a testicular tumor.

Dysgerminoma↗

PubMed1990

Effect of suramin on growth of androgen-responsive mouse tumor (Shionogi carcinoma 115) and its autonomous subline (Chiba subline 2).

Suramin has been shown to inhibit the binding of various growth factors to their receptors. Shionogi Carcinoma 115 cells (SC 115 cells) and Chiba Subline 2 cells (CS 2 cells) are clones of an androgen-responsive mouse tumor cell and its autonomous subline, respectively. Since the growth of SC 115 and CS 2 cells are assumed to be regulated by their own fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-like growth factors, the present study was undertaken to examine the effect of suramin on these cells. Suramin inhibited the growth of SC 115 and CS 2 cells in a dose dependent manner. The inhibition of suramin was reversible up to 50 micrograms/ml. Suramin reversibly changed the shape of these cells from fibroblast-like to polygonal and epithelial-like ones, and inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation into these cells which was evoked by acidic and basic FGFs, and conditioned medium obtained from CS 2 cells. The binding of 125I-basic FGF to SC 115 and CS 2 cells was inhibited by suramin. However, suramin had no effect on growth factor production and the hst-1 gene expression on CS 2 cells. In conclusion, suramin inhibited the autocrine and paracrine growth of SC 115 and CS 2 cells by blocking the binding of autocrine growth factors to their receptors.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[High dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced germ cell tumor].

Six patients, with advanced germ cell tumor refractory to prior chemotherapy including cis-platinum and etoposide, were treated by high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Etoposide (1200-1800 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and cis-platinum (60-120 mg/m2) were given and the autologous bone marrow was infused 72 hours after the last dose of chemotherapy. Two patients were treated by high dose chemotherapy three times. The regimen of the third high dose chemotherapy was etoposide (1800 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg), adriamycin (80 mg/m2), ACNU (200 mg/m2) and 254S (100 mg/m2). One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage 7 days after ABMT. Of the 5 patients evaluable for response, 4 responded: one patient obtained a complete response and 3 a partial response.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Histological effects of endocrine therapy on prostatic cancer].

Histological effects of endocrine therapy were evaluated in one hundred and four prostatic cancer patients by new criteria presented by the committee of "General Rule for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Prostatic Cancer". Route and time of biopsy, clinical stage and histological grade were related to histological effects. Biopsy specimens taken within three months from the start of the therapy tended to score rather low marks and this tendency is especially apparent with low grade cancers. Histological effects evaluated by the present method correlated well with prognosis in localized stages (stage B, C and D1). In metastatic cases, however, local effects were not related to the prognosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[A clinico-pathological study of small renal cell carcinoma].

Between 1960 and 1989, 50 patients with small renal cell carcinoma measuring below 3 cm in diameter were examined. Among them, 31 patients were nephrectomized, but in 19 patients, the renal cell carcinoma was found first at autopsy. The average tumor diameter of the unrecognized ones was smaller than that of nephrectomized patients with the minimum of 0.4 cm. Forty-one patients had clear cell carcinoma, 9 granular cell carcinoma, 40 grade 1 tumor, and 10 grade 2 tumor. The grade 3 tumor was not found in our study. Three out of the 50 patients had distant metastasis at the time of operation or autopsy. Six patients had microscopic tumor thrombi just close to the tumor pseudo-capsule. Two patients had apparent tumor thrombi in the main renal vein. The smallest tumor that showed microscopic tumor thrombi measured 1.5 cm in diameter. The incidence of tumor thrombi was correlated with tumor diameter. The step sections by 4 mm thick of nephrectomized specimens were examined on 16 patients. The daughter tumor was found in two patients. The tumor thrombi had close relationships with the presence of distant metastasis (p less than 0.001) and/or the daughter tumor (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, small renal carcinoma measuring less than 1.5 cm in diameter was considered to be treated by conservative surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Spinal paralysis caused by spinal metastasis of prostatic cancer].

From 1977 to 1986, in the Chiba University Hospital, 107 cases of prostatic cancer with bone metastasis were experienced. In 10 of them spinal paralysis caused by spinal metastasis of prostatic cancer was observed. Untreated five cases received endocrine therapy. One of them also underwent spine laminectomy and spinal instrumentation and regained the ability to walk. But the other cases treated by endocrine therapy showed only insufficient improvement of paralysis. Five cases with spinal paralysis which were resistant to endocrine therapy were treated by chemotherapy or radiation to the site of bone metastasis. One of them underwent laminectomy and spinal instrumentation. However, most cases showed no improvement of paralysis. It is concluded that spinal surgery is recommended in untreated cases for the sake of quality of life, but in cases with hormone resistance spinal surgery should cautiously be applied.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Adrenal regeneration hypertension--effects of vascular connective tissue protein and plasma corticosterone on hypertension in rats with adrenal regeneration hypertension].

In young rats consuming 1% NaCl drinking solution, unilateral nephrectomy and bilateral adrenal enucleation caused a hypertension. Plasma corticosterone concentration in hypertensive rats was not significantly higher than that of normotensive control rats in early hypertensive or chronic hypertensive stage. At the end of experiment, each rat received an intravenous injection of 0.4 microCi/g of 3H-lysine and was sacrificed 2 hours after the injection. Incorporation of 3H-lysine into collagen or elastin of the mesenteric artery and heart in hypertensive rats was greater than that of normotensive rats. Administration of phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride lower the blood pressure of hypertensive rats and reduced the incorporation of 3H-lysine into collagen and elastin of the mesenteric artery and heart. From these findings, increased protein synthesis of collagen and elastin in hypertensive rats appears to play an important role for the maintenance of adrenal regeneration hypertension.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1990

Investigating the response of prostatic cancer to endocrine therapy.

The presence of androphilic protein identified histochemically with R 1881-CMO-BSA-FITC correlated with response to endocrine therapy and prognosis. Ras P21 was not a useful indicator of the subsequent course of the disease. Conventional X ray assessment of boney metastases still seems of use in monitoring overall progress of the disease.

Bone Neoplasms↗

PubMed1990

[Factors influencing prognosis of stage D2 prostatic cancer following endocrine therapy: comparison between short-term cancer death and long-term survival group].

To clarify factors affecting prognosis following endocrine therapy, stage D2 patients who died from prostatic cancer within 3 years and those under well-controlled state longer than 5 years were compared with respect to background factors and response to endocrine therapy. Thirty-five and 18 cases, respectively, were studied. Differences between the two groups were bone pain, anemia, tumor grade, number of bone metastasis, and response to endocrine therapy. Performance status in long-term survival groups tended to be better than that in short-term cancer death groups.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

[Changes in prostatic acid phosphatase, gamma-seminoprotein and prostate specific antigen after endocrine therapy for stage D2 prostate cancer].

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were examined on 120 cases of stage D2 prostate cancer between 1979 and 1989. All patients received endocrine therapy as the first treatment; castration and immediate administration of estrogen or antiandrogen (101), LH-RH analogs (13), estrogen (3) and antiandrogen (3). The actuarial survival rates were calculated by the cause-specific survival method. Pretreatment levels of PAP, gamma-Sm and PSA did not influence prognosis. After start of treatment, the relationship between the changes of the markers and prognosis were examined. At 1 month after the start of the treatment, normalization of PAP or gamma-Sm was not reflected in the following course. On the contrary, at 3 and 6 months, groups with normalization of PAP or gamma-Sm showed better prognosis than those with elevated levels. The same tendency of PSA was obtained at 6 months after start of treatment. In patients with normalized PAP at 3 months, abnormal gamma-Sm showed worse prognosis than normalized gamma-Sm. Therefore, the significance of determination on the two markers was manifested. As histological grade influenced the following course, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with normalized PAP at 3 months showed better prognosis than those with elevated levels. In conclusion, it is worthwhile to measure multiple markers for predicting the prognosis of stage D2 prostate cancer treated with endocrine therapy.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of bunazosin hydrochloride for the treatment of voiding disturbances due to neurogenic bladder--a double-blind study].

The therapeutic utility of bunazosin hydrochloride was evaluated by a multi-center (67 hospitals) double-blind controlled study in patients who complained of voiding disturbances due to neurogenic bladder. For means of comparison, bethanechol chloride and placebo were used as reference drugs. Bunazosin hydrochloride was orally administered 1.5 mg per day for the first week and 3.0 mg per day for two weeks thereafter (Group E). Bethanechol chloride 15 mg (Group B) and placebo (Group P) were orally administered three times daily for three weeks. Three hundred and twenty-three cases were subjected to this study. The global improvement rating was analyzed for 244 cases (83 in Group E, 78 in Group B and 83 in Group P). The global utility rating (GUR) was analyzed for 252 cases (84 in Group E, 81 in Group B and 87 in Group P). Three hundred and twenty cases (107 in Group E, 104 in Group B and 109 in Group P) were analyzed with respect to overall safety rating (OSR). The global improvement ratings (excellent and good) were 32.5% in Group E, 28.2% in Group B and 21.2% in Group P. In the evaluation of GUR, Group E was superior to Group P. In addition, the incidence judged to be useless in Group E was significantly lower than that in Group B. There were no differences in OSR among these three groups. In the total evaluation of the subjective symptoms, the rates of improvement were not different among these three groups. In the total evaluation of the objective findings, the improvement rate in Group E was significantly higher than that in Group P. In addition, the deterioration rate in Group E was significantly lower than that in Group B. In objective findings before and after administration of bunazosin hydrochloride (Group E), the volume of residual urine, the rate of residual urine and the average flow rate improved significantly However, the bladder capacity, the maximum resting bladder pressure and the maximum urethral pressure did not change significantly. Bunazosin hydrochloride improved the objective findings regardless of the bladder capacity and the maximum resting bladder pressure. These significant improvements were marked in the neurogenic bladder patients who were able to urinate and in the patients whose urethral pressure was high. There were no differences in the incidence of side effects or in the appearance of abnormal values of laboratory findings in these three groups. Neither specific signs nor serious clinical side effects except those reported previously were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on endocrine therapy of prostatic carcinoma (1): Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in patients with prostatic carcinoma given endocrine therapy].

The general trend on the treatment for prostatic carcinoma has been changing from endocrine therapy alone to an alternative type according to stage. We evaluated clinically the favorable and unfavorable outcome of endocrine therapy in Japan, so that others will be appropriately evaluated. In a cooperative study made by members of five universities, 572 patients with clinically or histologically reconfirmed prostatic carcinoma were entered in this retrospective study. We studied the true influence of prognostic factors on the prognosis of 497 patients with prostatic carcinoma who had received endocrine therapy, employing multivariate analyses, such as quantification method II, multiple regression analysis and Cox's proportional hazard model. Twelve factors were considered in the study; "age", "stage", "histological findings (structural atypism = SAT, nuclear anaplasia = NAN, Gleason's primary and secondary pattern)", "pretreatment level of total acid (ACP) and of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)", "castration performed or not performed", "doses of estrogen", "type of response of local prostatic tumor and of ACP to endocrine therapy". Analysis of the "importance" of a prognostic factor by a partial correlation determined by quantification method II, revealed "stage" to have the greatest "importance" on prognosis throughout the entire period. "Response of local prostatic tumor", "response of ACP" and "Gleason's primary pattern" tended to be important factors for prognosis, in particular, in the first half period, and "age" and "Gleason's secondary pattern" were important in the latter half. Multiple regression analysis revealed the "stage", once again to be the most influential factor on the prognosis for the entire observation period. Also "response of local prostatic tumor", "SAT" and "Gleason's primary pattern" affected the patients' prognosis in the first half of the observation period. In the latter half, "age" became more of an influential factor than "histological findings". Analysis with Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that "response of ACP", "stage", "age", "Gleason's primary and secondary pattern", and "response of local prostatic tumor" were definitely the more influential prognostic factors, of which chi-square values (or t values) were statistically significant. Comparison of the significant factors in each multivariate analysis revealed that common influential prognostic factors, such as "age", "stage", "histological findings (mainly Gleason's primary and secondary pattern)", "response of local prostatic tumor" and "response of ACP" were coincident to the clinical impression. The clarification of these factors would be clinically beneficial when treating patients with endocrine therapy.

Estrogens↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on endocrine therapy of prostatic carcinoma (2): Prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma given endocrine therapy, and analyses of causes of death and side effects of endocrine therapy].

Of 572 patients with prostatic carcinoma, 497 received endocrine therapy as the initial treatment. These patients were surveyed in a cooperative research study by members from five universities. Prognosis, causes of death and side effects of estrogen therapy were studied. The prognosis of patients who had received endocrine therapy became worse, as the stage progressed. The prognosis of those who had received a combination of estrogen therapy with castration tended to be better than that of those who had received estrogen therapy alone. Similarly, the prognosis of those who had received a combination of progesterone therapy with castration tended to be better than that of those who had had progesterone therapy alone. No relationship was found between estrogen doses (low, medium and high) and prognosis, although a precise comparison among the three could not be made because of the smaller number of patents with low doses. A high dose of estrogen may not always be the indication, rather a medium dose such as 300 mg diethylstilbestrol diphosphate may be clinically appropriate. The cause of death could be identified in 303 patients who had received endocrine therapy. Cancer-related death was the most frequent (63.7%), and cardio- or cerebrovascular death accounted for only 14.2% of the cases. When this analysis was confined to the patients who had received estrogen therapy, estrogen administration seemed to be the cause of cardio- or cerebrovascular death of 16.1% of the patients. Daily dosing of estrogen was not definitely related to the incidence, or the interval to cardio- or cerebrovascular death. However, among the patients who had died of cardio- or cerebrovascular disease, 50% of the patients who had received a medium or high dose of estrogen tended to die within two years after treatment, while 50% of those who had received a low dose died within three years.

Cause of Death↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on endocrine therapy of prostatic carcinoma (3): Histopathological features of prostatic carcinoma and its prognosis].

We investigated how histopathological features, such as structural atypism (SAT), nuclear anaplasia (NAN) and Gleason's pattern, influence the prognosis of patients receiving endocrine therapy. Patients with SAT 3 or NAN 3 clearly had a lower survival rate and a shorter survival period than those with other grades of SAT or NAN and this tendency was more prominent in the high stage than low stage. Patients with a higher grade of SAT or NAN had a poorer prognosis as well, when only cancer-related death was considered in the calculation of survival and survival period. The results described above suggest that the grade of SAT and NAN is one of most influential factors for prognosis. In the analysis for the prognosis of patients according to grade of mean value of SAT + NAN, there were differences in prognosis among mean value of SAT + NAN 2-4, 5 and 6. This indicated that the combined grading system would provide more information to the prediction of prognosis. Patients with Gleason's primary (or secondary) pattern 1 and 2, or 3 and 4 had a better survival than those with pattern 5 in the analysis when only cancer-related death was considered. This was coincident with the result that the survival rate for each Gleason's sum 2-3, 4-5, 6, 7-8 and 9-10 was different. Consequently, Gleason's pattern influenced the rate of cancer-related deaths, and this pattern may be another important factor for predicting the prognosis.

Estrogens↗