Biomedical subjects

J Shimazaki

Publications and source records attributed to J Shimazaki.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Radiation therapy for prostate cancer confined to pelvis.

To evaluate the usefulness of external beam radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer confined to the pelvis, long-term results and prognostic factors were analyzed. During the period 1975-1989, 44 cases were treated with staging pelvic lymphadenectomy followed by monotherapy using external beam irradiation by Linac X-ray and/or fast neutrons and observed without any treatment until relapse was evident. All patients were followed until death or for a mean of 78.6 mo (range: 36-113 mo) for patients still alive. Four cases died of prostate cancer at 26, 28, 54, and 83 mo from the start of radiation. Eleven cases died of other causes (10-72 mo, mean 36.4 mo). Fourteen cases (31.8%) manifested clinical relapse of cancer; 4 had local relapse, 7 developed bone metastases, and 3 relapsed at lymph nodes. After relapse, endocrine therapy was effective in most cases. The five-year disease-free survival rates of pN0 (32 cases) and pN1 (8 cases) patients were 79.8% and 52.5%, respectively, but that of pN2 (4 cases) was worse. Cause-specific survival was similar between patients with pN0 and pN1 disease, the rate at 5 yr being 92.5% in the former and 100% in the latter. Those with high levels of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) before treatment and advanced local disease (clinical stage C) showed unfavorable prognoses. The number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) might be a predictive factor in patients treated with irradiation. In conclusion, prostate cancer patients with stage A2-C, diagnosed as pN0-1 by staging pelvic lymphadenectomy, were successfully treated with external beam radiotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in donor eyes using polymerase chain reaction.

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in donor eyes was performed. DNAs were extracted from the uvea, and they were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified viral DNAs were detected with liquid hybridisation and chemiluminescent assay in which no radioactive materials were used. This method was shown to have a sensitivity limit of fewer than 10 copies of HIV, making it much more sensitive than the current techniques employed in eye banks. The method was applied to 120 donor eyes, including four from donors seropositive for HBV. The HBV gene was detected in one case in which the donor's blood had not been tested for HBV. HIV and HCV genes were not detected in any of the samples. The assay could be an effective screening test for the detection of these viruses in eye bank eyes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Extended wear soft contact lenses induce corneal epithelial changes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the corneal epithelial alterations induced by various types of contact lenses. By employing the specular microscope, the corneal epithelia of 60 patients who had worn contact lenses for more than 1 year were re-examined along with 15 myopic controls. The morphological changes in aphakic patients who changed from extended wear soft to extended wear rigid gas permeable lenses were also studied. The mean cell area of the corneal epithelium was 621.5 (SD 92.5) microns 2 for daily wear rigid gas permeable lenses (n = 15), 645.8 (98.1) microns 2 for daily wear soft lenses (n = 15), and 634.7 (88.6) microns 2 for extended wear rigid gas permeable lenses (n = 15), none of which differed significantly from the control value of 610.5 (98.1) microns 2. Only the extended wear soft lens group (n = 15) showed significantly enlarged epithelia (806.1 (50.1) microns 2, p < 0.01 versus the other groups). The epithelium partially returned to normal after changing from extended wear soft lenses to extended wear rigid gas permeable ones. The corneal epithelium showed increased cell area only with extended wear soft contact lenses which are known to pose a risk for corneal infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Clinical and radiological aspects of infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney.

We reviewed the sonographic, CT and angiographic findings in 19 patients with infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney. Sonography revealed a defect of the central echo in 18 patients, and a low or slightly low echoic tumor in 15. Enhanced CT showed a poorly marginated tumor with lower attenuation than that of normal parenchyma in all 8 patients examined. Angiography showed narrowing and stretching of interlobar and arcuate arteries arranged radially from the renal hilus in all 11 patients examined and fine neovascularity in 10. These findings, especially the angiographic findings, were useful for distinguishing this disease from the common type renal cell carcinomas, and other infiltrating diseases of the kidney, such as lymphomas and sarcomas. Since the prognoses of these patients were poor with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 11.6 and 5.8%, respectively, careful examination of the above-mentioned findings was stressed to diagnose this disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical findings on androgen receptor in mouse androgen-dependent tumor (Shionogi Carcinoma 115) and its independent sublines.

To examine the androgen receptor in androgen-dependent and -independent tumor immunohistochemically, an indirect immunofluorescence study with an antibody to human androgen receptor was performed. Shionogi Carcinoma 115 (SC 115) cells are an androgen-dependent mouse tumor, but the growth is sustained without androgen when fetal bovine serum is added to serum-free medium. Cells obtained from successive culture (A (-)X cells; X is generations after removal of androgen) were androgen-independent but showed binding to androgen. SC 115 cells, A (-) cells and CS 2 cells which are the other androgen-independent cells derived from SC 115, were used in the study. The androgen receptor (AR) in SC115 cells was stained as small-sized oval granules localized in the nucleus, and the number of the granules was 10-20 per cell. Removal of testosterone for one day as well as one week did not change the size of the AR, but some of the AR in A (-) 10 cells and in generations thereafter appeared to be large. Other small ones were similar to that in SC 115 cells. The nuclear location of the AR did not change in A (-) cells. The ratio of cells containing large AR to the total number of cells increased with each generation after the removal of testosterone from the culture. The addition of testosterone to the culture changed the AR in A (-) 40 cells to small ones, but did not influence the form of the AR in A (-) 60 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Androgens↗

PubMed1994

[The role of repeat transurethral resection in stage A1 carcinoma of the prostate].

In order to evaluate the significance of repeat transurethral resection (TUR) in differentiating stage A1 prostatic adenocarcinoma from those with stage A2, we performed repeat TUR in 34 patients with an initial diagnosis of stage A1 prostatic adenocarcinoma. It was found that residual adenocarcinoma was present in five cases (14.7%), but the diagnosis was changed from stage A1 to stage A2 in only one case (2.9%). In one patient with final diagnosis of stage A1 carcinoma, bone metastases were detected seven months after the repeat TUR. It was concluded that repeat TUR for stage A1 prostatic adenocarcinoma did not yield clinically significant information.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

[Study of prognostic factors for renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease].

To examine clinical features and the prognostic factors for renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a total of 118 patients (60 men and 58 women) were followed for 3 to 192 months (mean 77 months). The mean age of men at the diagnosis of ADPKD was younger than that of women. Main Symptoms were hematuria, hypertension and proteinuria. Forty-one % of the patients showed deterioration of renal function at the diagnosis. The rate of residual volume of renal parenchyma on CT findings was correlated well with renal function. Twenty-eight % of the patients preserved good and stable renal functions for over 5 years, while most of others had deterioration in their renal function. Thirty-four % of the patients started dialysis within 79 +/- 62 months from the diagnosis. The frequency of end stage renal failure was 7% at 40 years, 21% at 50 years, 36% at 60 years and 63% at 70 years old, respectively. Men needed hemodialysis at younger ages than women. Renal function of the patients with hypertension was worse than that of the patients without hypertension. The ratio of the value of P.S.P.120 to that of serum creatinine (PSP120/sCr), and the rate of residual volume of renal parenchyma revealed distinct prognostic factors for renal function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Three dimensional image analysis on retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis of testicular cancer].

The effects of chemotherapy on the metastasis of retroperitoneal lymph nodes from testicular cancer have been generally evaluated with bi-dimensional imaging methods. Since the structure of these lymph nodes seems to be complicated, it is expected that three dimensional imaging methods could achieve more correct evaluation of the disease extension and the treatment effects when compared with bi-dimensional ones. The present study was undertaken to reconstruct the three dimensional imaging from CT films using personal computer system. Twenty one patients with bulky retroperitoneal nodal metastases were examined before and after chemotherapy. The evaluation of treatment effects based on three dimensional imaging method reflected the clinical course more adequately than the bi-dimensional one. When shrinkage rate of the tumor volume was less than 65%, viable tumor cells remained in all cases. Only one of six cases with more than 90% shrinkage revealed viable tumor cells. All patients in whom the metastases were estimated to be more than 100 cm3 in volume before chemotherapy and less than 50 cm3 after chemotherapy were shown to have completely necrotic tissues. In conclusion, three dimensional imaging was useful to estimate the post-treatment volume and shrinkage rate which correlated to the effects of treatment and prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Prognostic factors influencing the growth of renal calculi].

Factors influencing the growth of renal calculi were examined. In order to calculate the volume of stone on X-ray film, stones obtained from open operation or spontaneous passage were measured long (a) and short (b) diameter, and equation to obtain stone volume was assumed. Stone volume = 0.43 (pi ab (a + b))/12 + 0.04 was the mostly related to the volume measured by water volume, when size was less than 2 cm in diameter. Using the equation, factors influencing the growth of renal calculi of 136 kidney, which were followed over 6 months, were studied with monovariate analysis. Of the 136 kidneys, 36 have calcium oxalete stones, 54 have mixed stones with calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, 3 have mixed stones with calcium oxalate and uric acid, and other 43 have stones with unknown composition. Uric acid stones, cystine stones and infectious stones were excluded in the study. Growth of stone was greater in male than in female. Pelvic stones grew rapidly than renal caliceal stones. The patients were divided into two groups by growth rate; non growing (< 10%/year), and growing group (> 10%/year), respectively. Excretion of urinary calcium was high in the growing group. Urinary magnesium/calcium was low in the growing group. When divided into two groups by growth volume; non growing (< 0.005 cm3/year), and growing group (> 0.005 cm3/year), respectively, excretion of urinary calcium was high in the growing group and urinary magnesium/calcium was low in the growing group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer].

Forty patients who had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with positive pelvic lymph node metastasis, treated at Chiba University Hospital between April 1975 and March 1991 were investigated to evaluate the significance of pelvic lymph node dissection. The frequency of the patients with positive lymph node was 9.1% in all patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, 4.0% in the clinical T1, 3.4% in T2, 35.7% in T3a, 32.1% in T3b, 46.2% in T4, and none in Tis and Ta. Of the 40 patients, 16 underwent cystectomy pelvic lymph node dissection, 19 had biopsy of suspicious lymph nodes which turned out to be positive for metastasis, and 5 were defined by computed tomography. Pelvic lymph node dissection was performed at the common iliac, presacral, external iliac, internal iliac, and obturator nodes. In the 16 patients who underwent cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, the frequency of metastasis in each nodal group was 38% in common iliac, 31% in external iliac and obturator, and 25% in presacral and internal iliac. Out of the 16 patients, eight had regional lymphatic metastasis, three had only extra regional lymph node metastasis, and five had both regional and extra regional metastasis. Three of nine patients who had single positive node had common iliac or presacral positive node without regional lymph node metastasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for localized prostate cancer].

Between April 1992 and May 1993, 13 patients (age, 66-79) with localized prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy at Asahi General Hospital. Clinical stage comprised A2 for 3 patients, B1 for 1 and C for 9. Lymphadenectomy covered inner half of external iliac nodes and obturator nodes, from pubic bone to proximal end of umbilical ligament. Operating time ranged from 70 minutes to 133 minutes with median of 102 minutes. The number of total lymph nodes dissected ranged from 3 to 17 nodes with median of 7. Lymph nodal involvement was detected in one patient. Two patients needed laparotomy due to bleeding; from abdominal wall caused at insertion of trocar in one, and oozing of blood for 10 hours after procedure in the other. Other serious complications were not observed. In conclusion, laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was a good staging procedure for localized prostate cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[The course and limitation of medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia].

To clarify the effects and limitation of medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 2,476 patients with BPH were analyzed in terms of symptoms, objective findings, treatment modality and whether surgery was required during the course of medical treatment. As initial therapy, 1,320 cases (53.3%) were treated with medicine and 783 cases (31.6%) underwent surgery. In the group of patients initially treated with medicine, 264 cases (20.0%) required surgery and most operations were performed within six months from the start of medical treatment. Those who required surgery had a larger prostate and more residual urine than those who continued medical treatment. This tendency was also observed in the patients treated with antiandrogen. Therefore, medical therapy might be inappropriate to treat the patients with more than 50 ml of residual urine or significantly large prostate such as goose egg sized or larger. In conclusion, medical treatment possessed potential usefulness for the management of BPH, however, there seemed to be limitation of the effects of medical treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) by Delfia PAP Kit using europium and clinical evaluation in patients with prostate cancer].

Fundamental and clinical studies of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) detected by a Delfia PAP kit were performed. The system is a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay using europium as a tracer. The lower limit of detection was 0.2 ng/ml. Sera from 54 patients with prostate cancer, 20 with benign prostatic hypertrophy, 20 with urological malignancies other than prostate cancer and 140 adult males over 46 years old were determined. From the mean + 2 S.D. of serum PAP values obtained on the adult males, 1.5 ng/ml was considered as the upper normal level of adult males. By calculating the efficiency and ROC curve using the PAP values of prostate cancer and benign prostatic cancer, 2.5 ng/ml was decided as a cut-off value of this kit. The positive rates of adult males, prostate cancer, benign prostatic cancer and urological malignancies other than prostate cancer were 0.7%, 65%, 20% and 10%, respectively. The sensitivity of stage A2, B2, C and D1 + D2 was, 0%, 0%, 64% and 83%, respectively. The efficiency of the Delfia PAP kit was 52% and that of the Markit M PA kit was 71%. The correlation between the values assayed with the Delfia PAP kit and the Dinabot PAP kit was very high; the value obtained with the Delfia PAP kit was about 80% of that obtained with the Dinabot PAP kit.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1994

A prospective randomized trial for treating stages B2 and C prostate cancer: radical surgery or irradiation with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy.

A randomized clinical trial of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy followed by either surgery or irradiation and a resumption of endocrine therapy for stages B2 and C prostate cancer has been in progress since 1989. A hundred patients entered the trial between 1989 and 1993, and 95 cases were evaluated. Forty-six patients received surgery and 49 were treated with irradiation. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for two months resulted in prostate shrinkage and prostate specific antigen lowering. Except for two patients, one dying of a progression of disease and the other of another concurrent cancer, all are alive with an average follow-up term of 25 (range 3-53) months. The good prognostic results obtained from both treatment groups at present seem to be due in part to the neoadjuvant endocrine therapy; but in order to reach a final conclusion further comparisons need to be made.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA and state of p53 gene in Japanese penile cancer.

The frequency of integration with human papillomavirus (HPV) and its genotypes in Japanese penile cancer was examined with relation to p53 gene mutations using polymerase chain reaction amplification. Tissues were obtained from 13 patients (eight from freshly frozen and five from paraffin-embedded samples). HPV DNA was detected in seven out of the 13 (54%), and their genotypes were type 16 in four, type 31 in one and type 33 in two cases. Neither HPV-detected nor -undetected tissues showed mutated alterations in exons 4-9 of p53 genes. The results suggest HPV to be, at least to some extent, involved in the oncogenesis of penile cancer, and that p53 gene mutations may not correlate with the development of penile cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of synthetic androgen and anabolic hormone].

Esters of 17 beta position of testosterone and nandrolone gradually liberate their free forms into circulation, which are metabolized through usual androgen pathway. 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl compounds, used per os as androgenic and anabolic drugs, show complicated metabolism, including saturation of A ring, degradation of substituted radicals at A ring, hydroxylation at 6 and/or 16, and epimerization at 17. These metabolites are excreted as free or conjugated forms with glucuronidate and sulfate.

Anabolic Agents↗

PubMed1993

[Androgen-dependent tumor].

Androgen receptor is necessary for the proliferation of androgen-dependent tumors including human prostatic cancer and murine androgen-sensitive tumors. However, androgen-independent tumor containing functional androgen receptor was observed in CS 2 cells, which is a subline of androgen-dependent mouse tumor (SC 115). CS 2 showed a new expression of hst-1, the product of which is a family of FGF. CS 2 secreted a growth factor which promotes growth of CS 2 and original SC 115 in an autocrine and paracrine manner. The role of oncogene(s) and suppressor gene(s) on the progression of the tumor is discussed.

Androgens↗

PubMed1993

Combined treatment of pelvic exenterative surgery and intra-operative pelvic hyperthermochemotherapy for locally advanced rectosigmoid cancer: report of a case.

A huge rectosigmoidal cancer which extended into the urinary bladder in a 64-year-old man is herein described. The tumor occupied the pelvic and lower abdominal cavities, while the rectosigmoid was totally obstructed. No hepatic or pulmonary metastasis was evident. The ventral and flank sides of the peritoneum in the right lower abdomen, right common iliac vessels, bilateral ureters, terminal ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and urinary bladder were all directly invaded by the tumor, but the aorta, sacrum, and lower rectum were free of cancer. Consequently, an anterior pelvic exenteration was carried out along with an ileal conduit and a right hemicolectomy. Immediately after the exenteration, intra-pelvic hyperthermochemotherapy was performed using a 46-47 degrees C perfusate containing 40 micrograms/ml of mitomycin C (MMC) and 200 micrograms/ml of cisplatin (CDDP), for 90 min, in an attempt to prevent any further local recurrence. A right hemicolectomy and a permanent colostomy were done simultaneously with the hyperthermia treatment. After an uneventful postoperative course, the patient was prescribed adjuvant chemotherapy, i.e., two administrations of 17 mg/m2 and 21 mg/m2 of MMC, and ten doses of 710 mg/m2 of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by five doses of 535 mg/m2 of 5-FU. At the time of this writing, the patient is still alive without recurrence at 21 months after surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗