Retinoblastoma is usually diagnosed during the first three years of life, with an average age of diagnosis of 18 months. It is almost never found at birth except when there is a positive family history which prompts an early fundus examination. We report a case of unilateral nonfamilial retinoblastoma which was so advanced at birth that it had already produced a perforated globe. Despite enucleation, radiation, and chemotherapy, massive orbital recurrence developed which necessitated a modified orbital exenteration. In spite of this aggressive therapy the child died of metastatic retinoblastoma at age eight months.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-3 regulate the production of an interleukin-1 inhibitor by the differentiated AML-193 leukemic cell line.

Treatment of the AML-193 leukemic cell line with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in the loss of their ability to proliferate in response to GM-CSF or IL-3. This was not due to a change in number or affinity of GM-CSF receptors, but possibly resulted from an other cellular mechanism. The AML-193 differentiated cells acquired the ability to phagocytose glutaraldehyde-fixed E.coli in a similar fashion to mature macrophages. In addition the PMA-differentiated AML-193 cells now secreted a factor which specifically inhibited the binding of interleukin-1 (IL-1) to its receptor on the murine thymoma cell line EL-4.6.1C10. The synthesis of this inhibitor was further increased by the addition of GM-CSF or IL-3. Pulse labelling experiments showed that this activity was due to a 26 kDa protein that bound to the IL-1 receptor even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies against IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta, and this binding was only antagonized by IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta. In contrast, peripheral monocytes obtained from the blood of normal donors, when induced with either GM-CSF or IL-3, produced large quantities of inhibitor in the absence of PMA. This report clearly shows that a leukaemic cell line can respond to GM-CSF and IL-3 in different ways before and after in vitro differentiation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The similarity of diagnosis in twins and the specific biological problem on neuroses and personality disorders].

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Adolescent↗