Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Shear.
Once again, Congress and the President will try to balance the budget by slicing more out of nondefense discretionary spending. But there's not much meat left on those bones. The budget-meisters will try to spend and save. The result could be empty promises.
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There may not be a train wreck this fall, but that doesn't mean that there won't be some close calls as the White House and Congress come to grips on such issues as spending and taxes, health care, welfare and the environment.
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Republicans are talking about making at least $100 billion in cuts or reductions in the growth of medicare--the highly popular, though increasingly unaffordable, health program for older Americans. But is taking on medicare a political poison pill?
Hand and computer searches located studies on the effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety. Effect sizes for the different treatments (e.g., Progressive Relaxation, EMG Biofeedback, various forms of meditation, etc.) were calculated. Most of the treatments produced similar effect sizes except that Transcendental Meditation had significantly larger effect size (p less than .005), and meditation that involved concentration had significantly smaller effect. Correlations with effect size were calculated for many variables, e.g., population, age, sex, experimental design, duration and hours of treatment, pretest anxiety, demand characteristics, experimenter attitude, type of publication, attrition, etc. Only a few variables (mainly population, duration, hours, and attrition) significantly influenced effect size. Controlling for possible confounding variables did not alter the overall conclusions. The difference in effect size between treatments was maintained both when only published studies were included and when only the studies with the strongest design were included. Possible explanations for the findings are examined.
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