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Biomedical subjects

J Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to J Shaw.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Antigen sensitization does not alter response of guinea-pig lung strips to noradrenaline.

Guinea-pigs were sensitized to ovalbumin by an intraperitoneal injection, followed 3 weeks later by daily aerosol exposure for 4 weeks. Noradrenaline-induced contractions of peripheral lung strips from sensitized and unsensitized guinea-pigs were compared. There were no differences in sensitized or unsensitized strips with respect to maximal tension generated, concentration of noradrenaline for threshold or maximal responses or EC50. These results suggest that any changes in the population of alpha-adrenoceptors consequent upon immunological sensitization did not influence contractile responses to noradrenaline.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with salivary gland involvement and pericardial effusion.

A 60-year-old Palestinian woman developed extensive cutaneous lesions of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. She also developed a pericardial effusion and involvement of the submandibular salivary glands. Soft tissue gallium images demonstrated this systemic involvement, and this procedure is proposed as a screening method to assess the extent of the disease. The patient showed partial remission after being treated with prednisone, vincristine sulfate, and cyclophosphamide.

Female↗
PubMed1983

The stability of glyceryl trinitrate tablets during patient use.

The stability of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) tablets stored in ways commonly used by patients was investigated to enable pharmacists and physicians to give better advice about tablet storage. Analysis of 43 samples of tablets collected from hospital patients showed that the GTN content of these samples differed significantly from that of fresh tablets. Tablets kept in the manufacturer's bottle contained significantly more GTN than those transferred to other airtight vials (p less than 0.05) or pill boxes (p less than 0.005). The content of GTN was also significantly lower in tablets stored in pill boxes compared with other vials (p less than 0.01). Similar trends were found when tablets were stored in glass or plastic vials, pill boxes or were left exposed to air in the laboratory. These results emphasize that the best way to store GTN tablets is in the manufacturer's container. However, since many patients find that this bottle is awkward and inconvenient, a suitable alternative would be to carry a few tablets in a small airtight container (preferably glass). The unused tablets should be discarded every two weeks and nothing else should be added to the container. The use of pill boxes should be strongly discouraged.

Drug Packaging↗
PubMed1983

Effect of interferon therapy on indomethacin-sensitive immunoregulation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of renal cell carcinoma patients.

The effect of interferon (IFN) therapy on prostaglandin (PGE)-synthesizing immunoregulatory cell function was assessed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of renal cell carcinoma patients. Ten patients were treated daily for 28 days with either 1 X 10(6) IU (five patients) or 10 X 10(6) IU (five patients) of leukocyte IFN. Patient cells were assessed for phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness in the presence and absence of the PGE synthetase inhibitor indomethacin. Progressive impairment in PHA responsiveness was found in all patients by the end of 28 days of therapy. It was associated with increased levels of indomethacin-sensitive suppressor function. Change in any of the patients studied was not correlated with IFN dose level. There was no correlation between clinical response to IFN and alterations in these parameters of immune function. In co-culture experiments, preincubation of glass-adherent cells with IFN led to increased indomethacin-sensitive regulatory function. These results suggest that IFN can produce progressive impairment of PHA-induced lymphoproliferation by increasing PGE-synthesizing immunoregulatory cell activity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Therapy for acute cystitis in adult women. Randomized comparison of single-dose sulfisoxazole vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

One hundred seventeen unselected women with symptoms of acute cystitis were randomized to groups for immediate therapy with one of the following four single-dose regimens: (1) 1 g of sulfisoxazole; (2) 2 g of sulfisoxazole; (3) a combination of trimethoprim, 160 mg, and sulfamethoxazole, 800 mg; and (4) a combination of trimethoprim, 320 mg, and sulfamethoxazole, 1,600 mg. Forty-one women were excluded, 13 did not return for follow-up, and 28 did not have significant bacteriuria in the pretherapy culture. Escherichia coli was isolated in 81% of infections. Antibacterial activity was significantly greater in urine collected during the 24 hours after therapy in those who received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, overall cure varied from 85% to 95%, without any great differences between the regimens. The rate of cure of 69% in the 13 patients with presumptive evidence of renal infection (antibody-coated bacteria present) was significantly lower than the rate of cure of 95% in women without evidence of renal infection. Single-dose therapy with these regimens was safe and effective in adult women with symptoms of acute cystitis, regardless of the localization of the site of infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

On the mechanism of action of anesthetics. Direct inhibition of mitochondrial F1-ATPase by n-butanol and tetracaine.

The concentrations of n-butanol and tetracaine required for 50% inhibition of the ATPase activity of F1 particles isolated from bovine heart mitochondria were 160 mM and 1.1 mM, respectively. The results are offered as evidence that the physiological effects of these anesthetics may be due to direct interaction with membrane proteins rather than with the lipids.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗