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Biomedical subjects

J Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to J Shapiro.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Arthrography (plica views). A noninvasive method for diagnosis and prognosis of plica syndrome.

In 45 patients with chronic knee problems arthrograms of the knee were obtained with emphasis on plica views. Thirty arthrograms showed radiographic evidence of plica syndrome. Three patients had thin bands in the proximal part of the suprapatellar pouch. Four patients had infrapatellar plicae. Eighteen patients had suprapatellar plicae, and five had mediopatellar plicae. The cross-table lateral view of the knee in different degrees of flexion is a valuable prognostic method. Five patients with suprapatellar plicae demonstrated excursion of the thick fibrotic band over the anteromedial femoral condyle during arthrography with the knee in different degrees of flexion. These patients did not respond to conservative treatment and required surgical excision of the plicae. Cross-table anteroposterior and tangential views with the medial side of the knee facing upward demonstrate impingement of the medial femoral condyle or the medial facet joint of the patella by the fibrotic mediopatellar plica. All patients (5 of 5) with mediopatellar plicae required surgical excision of the plicae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

"Self-control" concerns for men and women: refinement and extension of a construct.

This study develops and refines aspects of the construct of self-control according to a four-quadrant model: Assertive-positive, assertive-negative, yielding-positive, and yielding-negative. Twenty-six men and 78 women evaluated areas of their life in terms of the perceived degree to which they utilized these various dimensions of control. Results indicated that, depending on the specific area of clinical concern (e.g., interpersonal relationships, professional pursuits, emotional expression, health), there were significant differences in the kinds of self-control strategies that Ss tended to employ. From a clinical perspective, while Ss in this sample exercised a high degree of assertive-positive control in their professional lives, in the interpersonal and affective spheres they perceived themselves to be more out of control and exercising more negative-assertive control.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Part II. Amyoplasia: twinning in amyoplasia--a specific type of arthrogryposis with an apparent excess of discordantly affected identical twins.

We report on 11 cases of amyoplasia in one of identical twins. In total, 135 patients with amyoplasia were ascertained from a study of 350 patients with multiple congenital joint contractures (arthrogryposis). These 11 cases of identical twins with amyoplasia represent 8% of our patients with amyoplasia. At least 18 sets of twins with congenital contractures have been reported previously. However, only four of these appear to involve identical twins discordant for amyoplasia. Thus, 15 cases in which only one of identical twins are affected with amyoplasia have been identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Family reactions and coping strategies in response to the physically ill or handicapped child: a review.

This article reviews a broad range of clinical and research material investigating the coping processes of individuals and families, particularly in response to a serious illness or handicapping condition in a child family member. The interactive effects of family and illness are established; then several theoretical, descriptive and empirical theories of coping are presented. Coping responses of family members and the family unit as a whole to minor illness, to chronic illness and handicapping conditions, to childhood cancer, and to death in childhood are all discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications and benefits for the physician and other health care professionals in adopting a family-oriented treatment approach.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

The role of diet in the etiology and treatment of atherosclerosis.

The role of various dietary constituents in the etiology of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease is examined in light of currently available data from epidemiological and clinical studies. Recommendations regarding the dietary management of the hyperlipidemic patient at risk are presented and the advisability of generalized dietary guidelines for the public examined. The certainties, which are few, and the uncertainties, which are numerous, regarding the cause and effect relationship between diet, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease suggest that dietary intervention to treat the hyperlipidemic patient is a rational first step but that the generalization of this approach for the public may be premature.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

Cost effectiveness of individual vs. group cognitive behavior therapy for problems of depression and anxiety in an HMO population.

Randomly assigned 44 outpatient Ss, enrollees of the George Washington University Health Plan, a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), to one of three treatment modalities: (1) a cognitive behavior therapy group; (2) a traditional process-oriented interpersonal group; and (3) cognitive behavior therapy in an individual format. All Ss were referred by their physicians to the HMO Mental Health Practice for treatment for anxiety and/or depression. Beck's Depression Inventory, Speilberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Gay and Galassi's Adult Self-Expression Scale (an assertion measure) were administered pre- and post-treatment to all Ss. A subsample of these Ss also were rated pre- and post-treatment on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression by experienced clinicians blind to the treatment groups. All three experimental groups significantly improved on all dependent measures from pre- to post-treatment, and no differential treatment effects were found.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1982

The effects of polyribonucleotides on the binding of dexamethasone-receptor complex to DNA.

The ability of polyribonucleotides to affect the association of [3H]-Dexamethasone-receptor complex with DNA-cellulose has been investigated. Certain ribopolymers can release the receptor complex DNA. This release is not dependent on the charge of the polymer only, but displays some specificity with regard to the base composition of the ribopolymer. Of the polyribonucleotides examined, polyguanylic acid and polyxanthylic acid were most effective at promoting release of the steroid-receptor from the DNA. Polyadenylic acid and polycytidylic acid had no effect on the association. For a polymer to display activity it must possess a base with an oxygen or sulfur atom at the C-6 position of purines or C-4 position of pyrimidines. Simple nucleotides possessing this structural feature are inactive.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Nonuniform deficiency of hexosaminidase A in tissues and fluids of two unrelated individuals.

Serum samples from two unrelated, clinically normal individuals lacked detectable hexosaminidase A by heat inactivation and electrophoretic analysis. In contrast, 15 and 17% of the hexosaminidase in their leukocytes and 23 and 26% of the hexosaminidase of their cultured fibroblasts had the heat stability and electrophoretic properties of the A form of this enzyme. An in vitro measurement of fibroblasts GM2 ganglioside-beta-galactosaminidase was in the range expected for Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) heterozygotes (2.5 and 3.1 versus a normal mean of 3.7). In contrast, fibroblasts from a patient with TSD, analyzed in an identical fashion, contained no detectable activity. Ten days after addition of labeled GM2 ganglioside to the medium of the cultured fibroblasts, 43 and 59% of the radioactivity taken up by the cells of these patients remained as unhydrolyzed ganglioside as compared with 94% in TSD fibroblasts and 42% in control cells. An analysis of sphingolipid composition by high performance liquid chromatography although the endogenous level of GM2 was elevated in TSD fibroblasts (0.39 nmoles/mg protein) there was no increase in the cells of these patients (0 and 0.12 versus control of 0.17 nmoles/mg protein). Finally, the synthesis of hexosaminidase was examined by an electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitates of the enzyme precursors that had been radiolabeled by culturing fibroblasts in medium containing [3H]-leucine. These studies revealed a normal pattern of biosynthesis, processing and secretion of the alpha and beta chains. The ratio of the alpha chain to the beta chain, however, was in the range expected for TSD heterozygotes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral drainage for postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients.

Percutaneous suprapubic bladder drainage, using an indwelling Silastic catheter, was compared with transurethral catheterization for the management of postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. In a prospective controlled trail, the overall incidence of postoperative retention was 7%. The urinary infection rate was 70% with transurethral catheterization and 8% with suprapubic drainage. Patients accepted suprapubic damage much more readily than transurethral cateterization and both medical and nursing personnel found the former method easier to manage effectively. Also, the patients' ability to pass urine spontaneously could be assessed without removing the catheter. However, minor mechanical complications were more common with suprapubic drainage. The cost of the two systems is comparable. We conclude that the routine use of suprapubic catheter drainage in the management of postoperative urinary retention significantly reduces the incidence of infection and is the preferred method of treating this common complication.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

Partial trisomy 6q, due to balanced maternal translocation (6;22) (q21; p13) or (q21; pter).

We report a stillborn infant with partial trisomy 6q who had several major congenital malformations not previously associated with the chromosomal aberration. These included occipital encephalocele, ambiguous genitalia with imperforate anus, omphalocele and unilateral hydronephrosis. The infant's karyotype was 46,XY,-22,der(22),t(6;22)(q21; p13) or (q21;pter)mat. The mother and maternal grandmother are balanced translocation carriers.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Anesthetic drugs accelerate the progression of postoperative metastases of mouse tumors.

Experiments were made to investigate the effect of four anesthetic drugs that are commonly used in surgical practice on the postoperative growth of mouse tumors in syngeneic recipients. These experiments revealed that some of the anesthetics when applied for surgical excision of the local tumor, strongly accelerated postoperative progression of spontaneous lung metastases produced by the 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma and by the B16 melanoma. Some of the drugs caused the appearance of metastases in organs, such as the liver, in which spontaneous metastases are not usually produced by these tumors. A T10 sarcoma clone that does not produce detectable metastases in immune intact mice even following intravenous injection, did produce metastases when injected into animals treated with pentothal sodium.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1981

Cross-cultural aspects of physician-patient communications patterns.

This article reports findings of a study which utilized audiotapes to examine interaction patterns between ten white Anglo physicians (three of whom spoke Spanish) and 61 Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients. Using a newly developed interaction analysis instrument, the study examined four scales-rapport, patient health beliefs, therapeutic regimen, and patient feedback-and two additional categories-quality of explanation of medical regimen and sensitivity to patient modesty. Findings in the analysis of patient-doctor interactions were compared to variables of patient understanding and physician perception of the interview. Patient charts were also examined to determine diagnosis, prescribed medical regimen, and follow-through on return appointments. In analyzing the patient-doctor interactions, the interview raters perceived physicians as performing significantly better on the dimensions of rapport, quality of medical regimen explanation, and ability to elicit patient feedback with the non-Hispanic and English-language patients than with the Hispanic and Spanish-speaking patients. Also, the interaction of factors of language, translator and ethnicity appeared to have a highly significant influence on whether the medication prescriptions were understood by the patient. There were no significant differences related to ethnicity in terms of patient understanding of their diagnosis, or of the cause of their health condition, or in terms of their return for follow-up appointments.

Analysis of Variance↗