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Biomedical subjects

J Shapira

Publications and source records attributed to J Shapira.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The management of drooling problems in children with neurological dysfunction: a review and case report.

Drooling in children with neurological dysfunction indicates neurogenic failure to coordinate the muscles of the tongue, soft palate, and face which act in the first stage of swallowing. This causes excessive pooling of saliva in the anterior part of the mouth and consequent overspill. Treatment for drooling includes behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical modalities. Correcting a malocclusion has also been reported to help eliminate drooling. This paper describes the treatment of a child with neurofibromatosis, psychomotor, developmental, and neurologic retardation, and difficulty with speech. The patient was referred to our clinic to correct his drooling. Simple orthodontic treatment succeeded in eliminating the drooling and improving his speech.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality alterations in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a three-year follow-up study.

Alterations in personality accompany the onset and progression of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Longitudinal investigations of these changes using systematic quantifiable documentation have been infrequent. In this 3-year follow-up study, we report longitudinal observations of changes in personality in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Four response patterns were observed: (1) change at onset with little change as the disease continued, (2) ongoing change as the disorder progressed, (3) no change, and (4) regression of previously more disturbed behaviors. Repeated characterizations of the premorbid personality profile as determined by this inventory were found to be reliable.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dentinogenesis imperfecta: an early treatment strategy.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) type 2 is a disease inherited in a simple autosomal dominant mode. As soon as the teeth erupt the parents may notice the problem and look for a pediatric dentist's advice and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of DI is recommended, as it may prevent or intercept deterioration of the teeth and occlusion and improve esthetics. The purpose of this article is to present the objectives, treatment options, and problems encountered in the treatment of DI in the early primary dentition. A two-stage treatment of a toddler under general anesthesia is described and discussed. This paper recommends for severe cases of DI two treatment stages performed under general anesthesia. Stage 1 is early (around age 18-20 months) and is directed to covering the incisors with composite restorations and the first primary molars with preformed crowns. Stage 2 (around age 28-30 months) seeks to protect the second primary molars with preformed crowns and cover the canines with composite restorations.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the effect of nitrous oxide and hydroxyzine in controlling the behavior of the pediatric dental patient.

This study evaluated and compared the effect of three different sedation combinations on the young dental patient: hydroxyzine alone, hydroxyzine with nitrous oxide, and nitrous oxide alone. Nineteen uncooperative children with mean age of 37 months needing at least three restorative visits were selected for this study. Crying, alertness, and general behavior were evaluated during the dental procedure. The combination of hydroxyzine and nitrous oxide was more effective than the others for the majority of the sessions in terms of controlling crying and alertness. The results in the present study indicate that the sedative effect of hydroxyzine on children's behavior is enhanced by the addition of nitrous oxide.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local application of sustained-release delivery system of chlorhexidine in Down's syndrome population.

The effect of local applications of sustained-release delivery polymer containing chlorhexidine as an adjunct to mechanical plaque removal was studied in institutionalized children with Down's syndrome. Thirty children, ages 8-13, participated in the study. Clinical parameters (P1I, GI, papillary bleeding) were recorded and bacterial samples from selected permanent teeth were collected and processed before and following treatment. Following the registration of clinical findings and collection of plaque, all children had their teeth scaled and polished and were randomized into three treatment groups of ten subjects each: Subjects in group I had their teeth coated with ethyl cellulose containing chlorhexidine; those in group II had their teeth coated with placebo polymer and those in group III received no further treatment. Individual oral hygiene habits were not interfered with. The application of the solutions to the respective groups was done every 3 days for 21 days. Chlorhexidine treatment significantly reduced the PLI, GI total aerobic counts and S. viridans counts compared to no treatment. The placebo group showed similar effects to that of the chlorhexidine-treated group except for the total aerobic counts which were not affected. The results suggest that the use of chlorhexidine in a sustained-release dosage form applied to the tooth surfaces may prove useful in the control of plaque and its sequela in children with Down's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative clinical study of autopolymerized and light-polymerized fissure sealants: five-year results.

The retention of autopolymerized and light-polymerized Delton fissure sealants was compared. Sealants were applied to 207 first permanent molars with 304 separate sites in 73 children 6-8 years old (mean age 6.3 years). After five years, there was complete retention in 59% of the autopolymerized and 48% of the light-polymerized sealants. The resulting 11% difference in retention rates was not statistically significant at P less than 0.05.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A preventive dentistry component in the curriculum of Israeli dental students.

A preventive dentistry program conducted by 34 and 27 senior dental students as an integral part of children's clinic was evaluated. At the initial meeting of the three-session program, dental knowledge and oral hygiene levels were all 265 participating children. Follow-up who had participated in the prevent program the previous year and were now continuing their treatments, demonstrated significantly improved dental knowledge oral hygiene as compared to new patients. All of the children demonstrated significantly improved dental knowledge and oral hygiene at the final session of the program. The effectiveness on the participating children, this program was also successful in being accepted by students and faculty as a regular component of the clinical curriculum. The model presented here will be modified and improved on for future continued implementation.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The retention of fissure sealants using twenty-second etching time: three-year follow-up.

The retention of a self-polymerized fissure sealant applied after twenty seconds etching time was evaluated after three years. From the original 100 molars that were sealed, seventy-one teeth with 105 sites were available. The sealants were totally retained in 91 percent of the cases, after three years. The findings demonstrate that the retention rates of fissure sealants using twenty seconds etching time are comparable to those reported with the more conventional sixty seconds.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of humor in managing clinical anxiety.

Going to the dentist can be a stressful event, often causing anxiety in the child patient. A sampling of pediatric dentists was undertaken to study their use of humor in the clinical setting. Dentists use both common and individual types of humor and create a playful/humorous atmosphere with verbal and nonverbal cues to their patients.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation and management of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics in pediatric dentistry.

The clinical histories of four children with a history of adverse reactions to local anesthesia and who required dental treatment are reviewed retrospectively. The children described had been referred to the allergy unit for evaluation between 1984 and 1985 and are representative of the dilemma of cases of suspected hypersensitivity to local anesthetics. The first two cases had been previously treated without the use of regional anesthesia because of a family history of atopic reactions as well as equivocal skin testing to local anesthetic. The third child had experienced bizarre adverse reactions to a variety of foods and detergents erroneously interpreted as possible deterrents to the use of local anesthetics. All four children were challenged with progressively increasing concentrations of lidocaine according to a described protocol. In three cases no reaction was observed and dental procedures were performed without difficulty using lidocaine for local anesthetics. A history of bronchoconstriction in the fourth child and the contradictory results of skin tests to local anesthetics, prompted the administration of pretreatment medication aimed at preventing bronchial hyperactivity related to dental anesthesia.

Adolescent↗