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Biomedical subjects

J Shaperman

Publications and source records attributed to J Shaperman.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Assessing the expected outcomes of orthopedic surgical care for children.

A sample of 175 parents of children treated operatively for orthopedic problems were interviewed before surgery to ascertain their expectations with regard to specific functional changes postoperatively. They were interviewed about changes from 6 to 12 months after surgery. Medical records of a sample of this group were reviewed for any notes about functional status. Of this group, 54% said a specific function named preoperatively was "much better." Only a third of the parents from Mexico understood the nature of the procedure performed 6 to 12 months postoperatively, and only 40% of medical records contained notes about functional status pre- or postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Is body powered operation of upper limb prostheses feasible for young limb deficient children?

The investigators measured efficiencies of body powered prehensors and cable control components of prostheses available for young children. Results indicated that the cable control systems and hook type prehensors have moderate to high efficiencies, but children's body powered hands have very low efficiencies. Measures of arm and shoulder strength of 3-5 year-old limb deficient children, both on the limb deficient and sound sides, were less than that reported in the sound sides, were less than that reported in the literature for normal children. The findings were examined in relation to children's strength available compared with prosthesis strength requirements. The comparison demonstrates a way to establish measurable efficiency targets for new prehensor designs. The article includes detailed findings on children's strength, and findings on efficiencies of the prehensors and cable control systems of children's upper limb prosthses. Sample calculations may be useful to future designers of body powered prehensors for young children. A more efficient body powered hand is especially needed. Preliminary calculations indicate that the use of currently available children's voluntary opening (VO), body powered hands is not feasible, given the low strength of young limb deficient children and the low efficiencies of the VO hands. The use of voluntary closing (VC) hands may be feasible but remains to be tested.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

The role of knowledge utilization in adopting innovations from academic medical centers.

A literature review and an exploratory survey were conducted to find out about knowledge utilization activities in academic medical centers. Structured interviews were conducted with one respondent in each of ten selected programs in one center and were followed by qualitative data analysis concerning types of knowledge utilization activities and their effectiveness, and barriers and incentives to the success of knowledge utilization. Suggestions are provided for ways administrators in both academic and community medical centers may increase their effectiveness in using knowledge utilization strategies to promote the adoption of innovations.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1991

Proportional myoelectric hand control: an evaluation.

The authors review the principle of proportional myoelectric control, in which the motor voltage of a prosthetic hand varies in direct proportion to the EMG signal, giving the amputee control over speed and force of grip. This type of myoelectric control is contrasted with digital myoelectric control, in which the system is fully on or off, giving the amputee no control over speed of hand opening and closing, and the grip force is increased only by increasing the time of the sustained EMG signal. A survey was conducted of 33 patients wearing the proportional myoelectric hand. Patients rated quickness of opening and closing; control over speed and force; effort required to open and close; and comfort, convenience, and cosmesis of the hand; as well as giving it an overall rating in comparison with their previous terminal device. The ratings were made on a 5-level scale, so that they could be quantified. Patient responses were grouped according to previous experience with a terminal device type: group A: digital myoelectric hand; group B: body-powered terminal device; group C: no terminal device. Differences in group means were compared using Student's t test. Previous digital hand wearers gave significantly higher ratings to the proportionally controlled hand overall, especially for its quickness, control of speed and force, and the effort required to open and close the hand. Former body-powered terminal device wearers rated the proportionally controlled hand significantly better on control over speed and force and on cosmesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The CAPP terminal device, size 2: a new alternative for adolescents and adults.

CAPP Terminal Device, Size #2 for teenaged and adult amputees offers an alternative to hooks and hands available today. CAPP TD 2 is intended to be pleasing in appearance; it blends with the forearm in shape, colour and material to give a continuous flowing natural look. It was designed to provide secure grip through the combined action of a closing spring, a full frictional, resilient cover and an automatic lock. The lock operates as part of the voluntary opening control system and requires no conscious action by the amputee. CAPP TD 2 is a general purpose terminal device which especially serves unilateral amputees by performing functions usually carried out by the non-dominant hand. CAPP TD 2 comes with a built-in wrist connector which is available in two models; both offer quick disconnect. One wrist unit has adjustable friction and the other attaches to an existing friction wrist unit so CAPP TD 2 can be applied to an existing prosthesis. Ten patients have completed the evaluation programme with promising results. Prototypes of CAPP TD 2 are available for patients interested in evaluating it. The CAPP Terminal Device, Size #2 offers unilateral teenaged or adult amputee patients a unique alternative. It is introduced here in hope of stimulating researchers to explore new mechanical solutions in their component designs. The CAPP research designer, Mr. Carl T. Sumida. CPO, introduced the idea of a non-hand, non-hook TD with the CAPP TD 1 for infants (Sumida and Setoguchi, 1967); that terminal device had more function than a passive hand and it had a softer appearance than a hook.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Recent advances in research in prosthetics for children.

New prosthetic components are being designed and developed specifically to meet needs of children. Some are primarily new power systems for operating components which are already in general use, and some are entirely new components such as those developed at the Child Amputee Prosthetics Project at UCLA. These include the CAPP Terminal Device, the CAPP Multi-Position Post, CAPP Wrist Units, the CAPP Modular Elbow, the CAPP Two-Way Shoulder Joint, the CAPP Frame Shoulder Socket, and the CAPP Prosthetic Foot for Above-Knee Amputees. At present, there is great interest in externally powered components, and these are being developed at many centers around the world. A new electric elbow, is the Motor-Lock Elbow, was developed at New York University; a Swedish Electric Hand extends the application of the Otto Bock Myoelectric System to the very young child; the 3-state myoelectric system developed in New Brunswick, Canada, allows the amputee to control 2 functions from a single muscle site, and the INAIL System from Italy is based on a procedure for evaluation and fitting with externally powered along with body powered components. The pneumatically powered Simpson Arm and Kenworthy Hand from Scotland are based on the concept of extended physiologic proprioception. All of the components selected for this review are now being developed or tested so that clinical application can be anticipated.

Amputees↗
PubMed1979

Learning patterns of young children with above-elbow prostheses.

In order to develop an improved method of teaching young child amputees to operate the forearm lift and elbow lock of a conventional above-elbow prosthesis, learning patterns of 12 young above-elbow amputees were observed and described by occupational therapists. From these observations, signs of readiness for learning were identified and a method was proposed for teaching these controls to children. The therapist gave the child physical assistance as well as verbal instruction and a demonstration for each part of the operation and then for the combined motion. Application to activities required development of new habit patterns and appeared to be related to cognitive abilities beyond the sensorimotor level. Mechanical features of the double cycle lock tended to complicate learning and demonstrated the need to develop an elbow lock mechanism that better meets the needs of children.

Amputees↗