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Biomedical subjects

J Senterre

Publications and source records attributed to J Senterre.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Metabolic balance studies and plasma amino acid concentrations in preterm infants fed experimental protein hydrolysate preterm formulas.

The aim of this study was to investigate absorption and retention of nitrogen, fat, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, as well as plasma amino acid concentrations in 19 preterm infants fed three experimental protein hydrolysate preterm formulas (PTHF): seven received a preterm formula based on 100% whey hydrolysate protein (PTHF1), seven other infants were fed a preterm formula based on a mixture of 78% whey and 22% casein hydrolysed protein (PTHF2) and a third group of five infants were fed the same type of protein hydrolysate (78/22) enriched with histidine (PTHF3). Metabolic balances (n = 39) and plasma amino acid concentrations (n = 12) in preterm infants fed a standard preterm formula (whey/casein: 60/40) were included as a control group. Amino acid composition of the formulas was determined after complete hydrolysis with 12 N HCl. Compared with the standard preterm formula, the use of protein hydrolysate formulas led to a decrease in nitrogen and phosphorus absorption without modification of retention. Net absorption of calcium and magnesium was not significantly different in the four groups but calcium intake necessary to obtain calcium retention similar to the standard preterm formula was higher in the infants fed the hydrolysate formulas. Plasma amino acid concentrations were related to the amino acid composition of the formulas. Compared with the standard preterm formula, all three protein hydrolysate formulas led to a significant increase in plasma threonine, and a decrease in tyrosine and phenylalanine concentrations. In addition, there was an important reduction in plasma histidine concentrations with PTHF1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Mineral balance and whole body bone mineral content in very low-birth-weight infants.

Fat and mineral metabolic balance studies were performed in 25 normal very low-birth-weight infants (< or = 1500 g at birth) fed either pooled pasteurized human milk supplemented with calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, or a preterm formula. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium intake were similar in both groups and averaged 100 mg/kg/day, 72 mg/kg/day and 8 mg/kg/day, respectively. Calcium and phosphorus retention was higher in the subjects fed fortified human milk than in those receiving a preterm formula (65 +/- 14 and 62 +/- 9 mg/kg/day versus 55 +/- 12 and 47 +/- 7 mg/kg/day respectively). The difference was only significant for phosphorus. Magnesium retention was similar in the two groups and averaged 3 mg/kg/day. Fat intake and absorption was significantly higher in the preterm formula fed group than in the one fed fortified human milk (5.5 +/- 0.4 g/kg/day and 88 +/- 4% versus 4.2 +/- 1 g/kg/day, 79 +/- 6% respectively). Assessment of the whole body bone mineral content by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at 3 and 6 months of age in another group of 25 low-birth-weight infants fed either fortified human milk or a preterm formula. Whole body bone mineral content (BMCt) was low (43.3 +/- 30.8 g of hydroxyapatite) at 3 months of age (theoretical term) compared to normal full-term newborns at birth. There was no significant influence of the diet. At 6 months of age, BMCt reached 168.6 +/- 36.6 g, a value similar to that of full-term newborns, with no significant difference between the two regimen groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Density↗
PubMed1994

[Results of high frequency ventilation in the very low birth weight premature infant].

High frequency ventilation (HFV) has been used by the authors for about 5 years in low-weight premature neonates with severe hyaline membrane disease. This retrospective study concerns principally three classes of results: 1) early results of HFV vs conventional ventilation; 2) middle term results, HFV having been used in most severe cases; 3) long term outcome: HFV might prevent efficiently delayed complications such as bronchotracheal dysplasia. Recent therapy developments (surfactant, new ventilators) require controlled prospective studies to assess the real benefits of HFV compared with conventional methods.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1992

Net calcium absorption in premature infants: results of 103 metabolic balance studies.

Net calcium absorption was evaluated in 103 low-birth-weight preterm infants by a 72-h balance technique. At birth the infants had a mean (+/- SE) gestational age of 30.9 +/- 0.2 wk and weighed 1.43 +/- 0.03 kg. When tested 3 wk later, their net calcium absorption averaged 58 +/- 1% with an intake of 80 +/- 2 mg Ca.kg body wt-1.d-1. Of the 103 infants, 58 had been fed low-birth-weight formulas supplemented with vitamin D. The remainder received banked human milk, of whom 34 were supplemented with vitamin D and calcium; 11 infants received no supplementation. Calcium absorption in the four subgroups did not differ significantly, with neither vitamin D supplementation nor supplementation with vitamin D and calcium affecting percent absorption significantly. Net calcium absorption was a linear function of intake (40-130 mg Ca.kg body wt-1.d-1) with a zero intercept. Because vitamin D supplementation did not increase net calcium absorption, it is concluded that in preterm low-birth-weight infants calcium absorption proceeds by a nonsaturable route, with the transcellular, vitamin D-regulated mechanism not yet expressed.

Calcium↗
PubMed1992

Phosphorus intake in preterm babies and variation of tubular reabsorption for phosphate per liter glomerular filtrate.

Inadequate low intake of phosphorus can induce a hypophosphatemic depletion syndrome resulting in hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia, and rickets. Tubular reabsorption for phosphate per liter glomerular filtration rate (TP/GFR) has been proposed as a reliable index of renal phosphate handling for all age groups. In the present study, carried out in 12 healthy premature babies fed unmodified pooled human milk and then a preterm formula for two periods of 10 days, we demonstrated clearly that TP/GFR as well as calciuria can reflect the poor phosphorus intake and that the kidney of preterm babies is able to rapidly adapt itself to an increase in phosphorus diet content.

Calcium↗
PubMed1992

Maillard reaction products and lysinoalanine: urinary excretion and the effects on kidney function of preterm infants fed heat-processed milk formula.

Heat processing is essential for the preservation of milk-based infant formulas. Heating, however, induces a number of chemical changes during which lysine in the milk proteins reacts with reducing sugars to form Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and also reacts with the dehydroalanine resulting from cystine degradation to form lysinoalanine (LAL). Both products have been reported to induce histological changes in the straight portion of the proximal tubule in the rat kidney. This pilot study was made to investigate the urinary excretion by healthy preterm babies of MRPs and LAL contained in infant formula and to determine their influence on kidney function. Twelve healthy male preterm babies were first fed for 10 days with pooled human milk and then for 5 days with each of two experimental premature infant formulas in a cross-over design. The infant formulas were sterilized either by ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment or by a conventional retort process to give products with low and high levels of MRPs and LAL, respectively. In total, some 15.6% of the initial lysine had been modified in the in-can-sterilized product, compared to 6.2% in the UHT product. Urinary excretion of MRP lactulosyllysine ranged from 1.3 to 3.9% of the ingested amount, whereas that of LAL ranged from 6.2 to 9.3%. The higher level of MRPs and LAL in the formulas compared to breast milk had no influence on creatinine clearance or electrolyte excretion. There was no evidence of tubular damage as determined by the urinary excretion of four kidney-derived enzymes. Feeding of formula, however, did result in a general increase in urinary microprotein levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

The high lectin-binding capacity of human secretory IgA protects nonspecifically mucosae against environmental antigens.

The anti-infectious role of human milk may be, at least partly, ascribed to its content in secretory IgA. As lectins are present in various infectious antigens, the binding of different types of IgA to three lectins (concanavalin A, peanut agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin) was studied by Elisa. The specificity of those bindings was assessed by inhibitory experiments performed with the corresponding oligosaccharides. The following were found for the three lectins: (1) the lectin-binding capacity of colostrum secretory IgA was markedly greater than that of normal plasma IgA1 (p less than 0.001); (2) the lectin-binding capacity of polymeric IgA1 was greater than that of monomeric IgA1 (p less than 0.001). This property of mucosal IgA may be responsible of a nonimmune opsonization able to prevent the early step of some infectious mucosal diseases, i.e. the attachment of bacteria to epithelial cells by lectin-like bonds and also the penetration into the body of some antigens able to favor the development of allergy. Milk mucosal IgA, present in significant amounts in human colostrum and mature milk - but not in infant formulas - may therefore play an important polyvalent protective role in newborns.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1990

Proximal phocomelia and radial ray aplasia in fetal valproic syndrome.

We describe a child with multiple congenital anomalies born to a women treated with valproic acid (1000 mg/day) for post traumatic epilepsy. Defects included the typical dysmorphism of the "fetal valproic syndrome", bilateral radial ray aplasia, unilateral proximal phocomelia of the upper limb, kidney hypoplasia and brain atrophy. A direct teratogenic effect of valproic acid is suspected on an experimental basis, and validated by two previous reports of radial defects after valproic acid exposure.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

Renal solute load in preterm infants.

We performed metabolic balance studies in 77 preterm infants fed on human milk or adapted formulas, to determine the renal solute load and compared it with the potential renal solute load estimated by the composition of the diet or the urine according to Ziegler's, Bergman's, and Shaw's calculations. The renal solute load found in preterm infants was lower than that observed in young full term infants. Although all calculations predicted the renal solute load well, the equation proposed by Ziegler and Fomon from dietary protein and electrolyte load appears to be the simplest to calculate renal solute load accurately in preterm infants.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Prolonged infusion of atracurium in an infant.

Atracurium is a neuromuscular blocking agent that spontaneously degrades by Hoffmann reaction. This study of a prolonged infusion (7 days) in an infant of 6 months shows an increase in infusion rate requirement from 0.7 mg/kg/h after 96 h of infusion to 1.8 mg/kg/h at the 7th day. The plasma laudanosine levels remained relatively constant (977-1,515 ng/ml) and well below the reported potent convulsive levels during the study despite a 3-fold increase in the atracurium requirement. No side effect or accumulation of the drug was observed. The reasons for the increase in atracurium requirement are discussed.

Atracurium↗