Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive lung disease.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
J Senant
Publications and source records attributed to J Senant.
[EEG recorded during the 1st 48 hours after a cerebral vascular accident as a result of carotid stenosis].
This article describes the principal EEG abnormalities noted during the first 48 hours of cerebro-vascular ischemic accidents due to carotid artery obstruction. No instances of slow delta waves were seen in the 60 cases of transient ischemic accident. In the 162 cases of cerebro-vascular accidents, all EEG abnormalities were correlated with the level of consciousness and thus add little to the clinical data with respect to the prediction of short-term mortality. However, in the 135 patients who presented a cerebro-vascular accident with no alterations of consciousness, the appearance of polymorphic delta waves or spikes (focalized or diffuse) within the first 48 h does significantly predict short-term mortality.
Brain Ischemia↗
Analysis of background activity.
Analysis of EEG background activity in epilepsy has been much less used than automatic detection of paroxysmal figures. However, it would be useful to study the background activity with precision. The techniques used can belong to the time domain or the frequency domain. They make it possible to study the variations of EEG background activity as a function of the drug therapy and the type of epilepsy; some prognostic indices can then be derived for different kinds of epilepsy. It seems probable that topographic displays of background frequency bands will be very interesting in the near future. Finally, automatic analysis of sleep recordings in epileptic patients also makes it possible to test drug effects and modifications of sleep stages, as a function of the type of epilepsy.
Action Potentials↗
[Aortic stenosis with low preoperative ejection fraction. Long-term postoperative hemodynamic and angiographic studies].
Twenty-two patients underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with a preoperative ejection fraction less than 45%. Three patients died peroperatively and a fourth patient died 18 months later before the haemodynamic control. The other 18 patients were systematically reinvestigated, on average 16 months after surgery. Sixteen had a remarkable functional improvement and a significant increase in ejection fraction at haemodynamic control: 32 +/- 6% to 61 +/- 8%, p less than 0.001. They were surgical successes (Group I). In this group, the 7 patients with the most severe alteration of ventricular function and an average ejection fraction of: 26 +/- 3%, also improved to near normal function with a postoperative fraction of 62 +/- 11%. There was no significant improvement of the ejection fraction in 2 patients, and they were classified with the fatalities as surgical failures (Group II). The clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological, haemodynamic and angiographic data of these two populations were compared to try and identify preoperative indices of prognostic value. Only the angiographic left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI) was significantly higher in Group II (253 +/- 98 g/m2) than in Group I (156 +/- 56 g/m2, p less than 0.05). A discriminating analysis showed that the most important parameters to separate the 2 groups of patients were the LVMI and the thickness of the left ventricular wall. The marked increase of the postoperative ejection fraction in 3/4 of our patients confirmed the clinical value of valvular replacement justifying the indication for surgery in patients with severe aortic stenosis in spite of a severe alteration of left ventricular function.
Aged↗
[Factors of meningeal diffusion of amoxicillin and ampicillin at the acute phase of purulent meningitis in children].
Amoxicillin and ampicillin levels were comparatively studied in blood and CSF of children with purulent meningitis. Thirty one children aged 2 months to 11 years were treated by one of two beta lactams by monotherapy in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg (Group 1: amoxicillin, n = 17; group 2: ampicillin, n = 14). Samples were collected on day 2 one hour after administration of 50 mg/kg IV of the chosen antibiotic. The mean levels observed in serum (69.5 and 53.4 micrograms/ml) and in CSF (7.74 and 7.96) were not significantly different. Beyond these levels we studied different biologic parameters in CSF: leucocytes, polymorphonuclears, protein, glucose and lactic acid. Multiple linear correlations were found, for the two groups and for the whole population between the CSF antibiotic level and the 6 other parameters (group 1: R1 = 0.82; group 2: R2 = 0.88; group 1 + 2: R3 = 0.78). The best correlated parameters with antibiotic CSF level are serum antibiotic level and CSF lactic acid. With these two parameters we can also estimate antibiotic level in CSF with good correlations (R1 = 0.78; R2 = 0.72 and R3 = 0.72).
Amoxicillin↗
[Treatment of cirrhotic patients with specific immunoglobulins. Prevention of Gram-negative bacillary infections].
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Antibodies, Bacterial↗
[Comparison of the Doppler examination and arteriography in 209 cases of carotid stenosis and thrombosis].
The comparison of the results of continuous emission Doppler examinations and arteriographic examinations concerned 316 internal carotid arteries in 209 patients presenting a history of one or more ischemic accidents involving the carotid. This work confirms the unreliability of Doppler examination in the diagnosis of atheromatous plaques or moderate stenotic lesions of the internal carotid. However, it confirms the validity of this technique in the diagnosis of obstructive carotid stenoses since all the parameters measuring reliability (sensibility, specificity, predictive value) are around 90%. This reliability associated with the non-traumatic nature of the test justifies its important role in the diagnosis and prevention of cerebrovascular accidents.
Aged↗
[Different congenital forms of Steinert's myopathy: contribution of EMG].
The study of two families with myotonic dystrophy enables us to recall the existence of two congenital forms: one severe form with important neonatal hypotonia and one mild form with talipes equinovarus and intellectual deficiency. In both forms EMG detection is very often of the myogenic type. It confirms the diagnosis of myopathic disorder.
Adolescent↗
[EEG analysis and prognosis in 125 cases of non-hyperpyretic seizures occurring in children under three (author's transl)].
Between 1955 and 1970 recordings were made from 125 children aged 1-36 months who had had a first epileptic seizure (non-hyperthermic). 100 of these children were followed up for from 5 to 20 years: 35 had had their first seizure before 1 year of age and 65 between the age of 1 and 3. Hypsarrythmia was more frequent under 1 year of age, whereas short diffuse spike and wave bursts were observed only after 1 year. However, localized spikes, asymmetrical or slow tracings as well as normal tracings were observed in both groups, without significant difference. A fatal outcome is more frequent when the first seizure took place before the age of 1 year. However, in our sample the intellectual development of the surviving children does not depend on the time of the first seizure. In any case the prognosis is unfavorable, since only 31 of the children followed up developed normally.
Age Factors↗
Serum hyaluronate in liver diseases: study by enzymoimmunological assay.
It has been suggested that glycosaminoglycans are involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that one of them, hyaluronate, was mainly taken up and degraded by the liver. Using an enzymoimmunological assay, based on hyaluronate-hyaluronectin interaction, serum levels of hyaluronate were measured in 113 patients with various liver diseases. Patients were divided into six groups according to clinical, biological and histological data: Group 1-alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 47) including alcoholic cirrhosis with alcoholic hepatitis (n = 24); Group 2-primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 21); Group 3-cirrhosis related to viral hepatitis (n = 10); Group 4-idiopathic hemochromatosis (n = 17); Group 5-alcoholic fatty liver (n = 8); and Group 6-viral or drug acute hepatitis (n = 10). Ninety-four blood donors were studied as controls. Levels of hyaluronate were found to be strikingly elevated in Group 1 (1,225 +/- 1,137 micrograms per liter), Group 2 (792 +/- 739 micrograms per liter), Group 3 (649 +/- 373 micrograms per liter), and Group 4 (246 +/- 242 micrograms per liter), whereas patients in Group 5 (94 +/- 63 micrograms per liter) and Group 6 (73 +/- 57 micrograms per liter) had values close to controls (23 +/- 17 micrograms per liter). There was a significant correlation between serum hyaluronate and serum albumin, prothrombin time, factor V concentration and serum gamma-globulins. It is suggested that hyaluronate levels reflect both active fibrosis and hepatic failure and may be a quantitative marker of severity of hepatic injury.
Adult↗
[Incidence and severity of drug interactions in the elderly: a prospective study of 639 patients].
The medicinal treatments of 639 patients aged over 65 were recorded on admission to hospital. The mean number of drugs consumed was 4.4 +/- 2.8 per patient. Drug interaction was found in 37 p. 100 of the patients on the basis of data published in the Vidal dictionary. The prevalence of interactions increased with the number of drugs prescribed. The medicinal families most frequently involved were digitalis derivatives, antiarrythmic agents, diuretics, anticoagulants and psychotropic drugs. Thirty patients (4.7 p. 100) presented with a side-effect that was directly ascribable to an interaction. Among the iatrogenic adverse reactions 11 were life-threatening, including 8 cases of severe dysrhythmia and 3 cases of gastrointestinal haemorrhages. Altogether, one-third of all iatrogenic disorders were consecutive to a drug interaction. Simple precautions would have considerably reduced the frequency of such side-effects.
Aged↗
[Improvement of diabetic polyneuritis with naftidrofuryl. Preliminary results].
This study was a 6-month open trial of the effects of naftidrofuryl fumarate (600 mg/day orally) on the clinical and electrophysiological signs of diabetic polyneuropathy in 15 patients. A scored clinical evaluation and an indexed electrophysiological examination were done at inclusion, and after 3 and 6 months. Mean clinical score and electrophysiological index was improved after 3 months of therapy, the improvement persisting at 6 months, with no change in control of diabetes. These results could be related to the vasodilating properties of the drug, causing an increase in nerve temperature, or to a specific neurotropic action, as recently demonstrated in rats. Controlled studies are necessary to confirm these results, and explore the mechanism of this improvement.
Adult↗
[Anti-Gram-negative bacterial antibodies in alcoholic cirrhosis. Study of 58 patients].
Gram-negative bacterial infections are frequent and severe in cirrhotic patients. Existence of endotoxemia in cirrhosis is controversial. The demonstration of Gram-negative bacterial antibodies could be an alternative approach to the pathogenic role of these bacteria. In 58 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, the immunoglobulin G specifically directed against the Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide expressed by the J5 mutant of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 was measured. Antibody titres were compared to those of a control group of blood donors. The distributions of antibody titres were similar in cirrhotic patients and in control subjects. No correlation was found between antibody titres and biological parameters of liver function. These results seem to confirm previous reports on the absence of latent endotoxemia in cirrhotic patients, and they suggest that antibody production against Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharides is not enhanced in these patients.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗