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Biomedical subjects

J Seifert

Publications and source records attributed to J Seifert.

298 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
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Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: the first Multicentre Study in Germany.

The goals of this study were to describe demographic variables, drinking history, and the 6-month prevalence of Axis I comorbidity among alcohol-dependent subjects in GERMANY: The variables: amount of alcohol consumption, age at onset of the first alcohol consumed, age at onset of daily alcohol consumption, age at onset of withdrawal symptoms and number of detoxifications were related to the different comorbid disorders and gender. In this study, 556 patients from 25 alcohol treatment centres were enrolled between 1 January 1999 and 30 April 1999. After a minimum of 10 days of sobriety patients who fulfilled ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria of alcohol dependence were interviewed for data collection using the Mini-DIPS (German version of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule) and a standardized psychosocial interview. The 6-month prevalence of comorbid Axis I disorders was 53.1%. Among the patients with comorbidity, affective and anxiety disorders were most frequent. Comorbid stress disorder was associated with an early start of drinking, an early beginning of withdrawal symptoms, highest number of detoxifications, and the highest amount of alcohol consumed. Female patients with anxiety disorder consumed more alcohol and started earlier than females without this comorbid disorder. The data do not answer the question of the pathogenesis of comorbid disorders and alcoholism, but indicate that stress disorders in alcoholic patients and anxiety disorders in female alcoholics influence the course and severity of alcoholism.

Adult↗
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Endotoxin inactivation by enterally applied colostrum of different composition.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Enteral applied bovine colostrum can significantly reduce endotoxin concentration in plasma. Since colostrum is a mixture of biological active ingredients 3 possible substances which are able to influence the endotoxin elimination were concentrated in 3 different colostrum products. Immunoglobulin-, lactoferrin- and casein-enriched colostra and lactoferrin alone were orally administered to endotoxinaemic rats. METHODS: Endotoxinaemia was induced to rats by enteral application of 10(10) E. coli together with 40 mg Nebacetin. Control animals received albumin. From all rats plasma samples were taken over the time of 5 h and endotoxin concentration determined with limulus lysate and chromogenic substrate. RESULTS: Whereas in control animals as well as in animals treated with casein-enriched colostrum a marked increase of endotoxin values to over 130 EU/dl could be observed after 5 h, the oral application of gammaglobulin-enriched and especially lactoferrin-enriched colostrum decreased endotoxin values by more than 50%. The most effective endotoxin elimination was seen with lactoferrin alone. CONCLUSIONS: From this results it can be concluded that not only gammaglobulin but especially lactoferrin seems to be responsible for the elimination of endotoxin with regard to enterally applied colostrum preparations.

Administration, Oral↗
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Brain regulatory system for the immune response: immunopharmacology and morphology.

On the basis of our previous investigations concerning the influence of some central nervous system structures on the immune reaction, we have shown the existence of a brain regulatory system for immune response (BRSIR). We have investigated this BRSIR using small electrolytic lesions placed in different brain areas of male rats, followed by two methods to evaluate the effect of the lesions on the immune response, the method of delayed skin hypersensitivity and the method of utilization of 3H-thymidine for synthesis of DNA after injection of muramyl dipeptide, a very potent immunostimulating compound. The experiments were performed on rats of the Wistar strain. Lesions were placed from the spinal cord through the brain stem to the cerebral cortex. The results suggest that the following structures constitute parts of the BRSIR: medial frontal cortex (areas Cg 1-3), subnucleus basomedialis and centralis of the amygdala, subnucleus medialis and dorsolateralis of the nucleus parabrachialis, lateral reticular formation (nucleus parvocellularis--mainly areas corresponding with aminergic groups A1-7), part of the raphe reticular formation (nucleus raphealis dorsalis and nucleus linearis--mainly areas corresponding with serotoninergic groups B6-8), and the spinal cord.

Amygdala↗
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Antibodies formed against fibrin glue components and their circulatory relevance.

To elucidate the safety of fibrin glue application, antibody formation against fibrinogen and thrombin was studied in rabbits. The pathophysiology of developed antibodies was tested by an intravenous challenge with both components and by related blood pressure measurements. All fibrin glue-treated animals developed antibodies against both components. The quantity of antibodies against thrombin (20.4 mg/mL) was higher than the quantity against fibrinogen (0.38 mg/mL). The intravenous challenge with both components resulted in a significant and long-lasting blood pressure decrease to about 50% of the control values, indicating that these antibodies can induce circulatory disorders by antigen-antibody reaction, activation of the complement cascade, and liberation of histamine. Since rabbits promptly produce antibodies against antigenic material and humans do not, the results of this investigation suggest that fibrin glue should be used with caution in humans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beta 1 integrin expression in adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In vitro and in vivo studies did not show that beta 1 integrin expression is associated with malignant transformation or that it is of prognostic value in some malignant tumors. There are no data on the expression or prognostic value of beta 1 integrins in adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus. METHODOLOGY: We assessed the expression pattern and the prognostic impact of beta 1 integrins in paraffin-embedded specimens of 41 patients with adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus by immunochemistry. At the time of investigation, neither histomorphological parameters nor the survival time were known. RESULTS: There was no correlation between histomorphological parameters and the expression of beta 1 integrins. The expression of beta 1 integrins had no influence on long- term survival. There was a relationship between the prognosis and the following histopathological parameters: pT, pN and pM category, the UICC stage, the presence of lymphangiosis, and the DNA content of the tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results obtained in this study did not show that the expression of beta 1 integrins was of prognostic value in patients with adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus. Further studies in a larger number of patients are required to confirm the results obtained in this investigation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The binding spectra of rat renal and hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450 with cyclosporine A.

Binding difference spectra of rat renal and hepatic cytochromes P-450 with cyclosporine A (CsA) were measured. In both cases reversed type I spectra were found with the absorbance maximum at 416 nm and minimum at 378 nm. Apparent spectral dissociation constant Kd and maximal absorbance difference delta Amax416-378 did not change substantially with the concentration of the CsA stock solution used. The results suggest that CsA might be biotransformed not only in the liver but also in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex-dependent differences in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides in rat liver after repeated administration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane.

Utilization of [2-14C]orotic acid for the synthesis of the pyrimidine components of the free nucleotide pool and RNA from isolated cytoplasmic ribosomes was investigated in the liver of female and male rats. In females, labeled orotic acid is incorporated relatively more into uridine than into cytidine nucleotides; the opposite is true for males. The administration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) decreases the specific radioactivity of rRNA cytidylic acid more in males than in females. Simultaneously, the level of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 is increased after the administration of alpha-HCH more in males than in females. After four days of treatment with alpha-HCH, the concentrations of the uridine and cytidine components of the acid-soluble pool are slightly depressed. Following repeated administration of alpha-HCH, the utilization of labeled uridine for the synthesis of cytidine nucleotides of the acid-soluble pool and RNA is depressed, whereas that of labeled cytidine is enhanced. Repeated administration of alpha-HCH decreases the utilization of [2-14C]orotic acid for the synthesis of cytidine nucleotides of DNA; the specific radioactivity of thymidylic acid is increased. The administration of beta-diethylaminoethyl diallylacetate (CFT-1201) to animals that have repeatedly received alpha-HCH decreases the specific radioactivity of DNA thymine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis: improvement of quantitative analysis by radioactively labelled antigen.

Experiments were performed to improve the quantitative analysis of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) by labelling the antigen with radioactive iodine. After intradermal injection of antibodies and intravenous administration of labelled antigen in rats a close correlation was found between the radioactivity measured in skin biopsies and the amount of antigen as well as the amount of antibodies. This direct dependence makes it possible to improve quantitatively the reading of PCA test results. A quantitative correlation was also found when radioactivity is measured over the skin by scanning procedures. Therefore it is not necessary to cut out skin biopsies. Thus the same test animal can be used several times, which minimizes biological variations.

Animals↗