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Biomedical subjects

J Scott

Publications and source records attributed to J Scott.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Retroperitoneal fibrosis and nonmalignant ileal carcinoid.

The carcinoid syndrome and fibrosis are unusual but identifiable disease processes. We report a rare case of retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with an ileal carcinoid in the absence of metastatic disease. The literature is reviewed.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1987

Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous amyloidosis.

Thirty-six pars plana vitrectomies were performed on 30 eyes of 17 patients with biopsy-proven vitreous amyloidosis. Reopacification of the retrolental vitreous was the most common reason for vitrectomy revision, required in 24% of patients. Complications of amyloid or vitrectomy included retinal detachment requiring scleral buckling in 17% of eyes and glaucoma requiring filtering surgery in 17% of eyes. After a mean 35-month post-vitrectomy follow-up, 48% of eyes had visual acuities of 20/40 or better, and 32% of eyes had visual acuities between 20/50 and 20/100. Twenty percent of eyes had visual acuities of 20/200 or worse due either to persistent retinal detachment, open angle glaucoma, or residual opacification of the vitreous.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1987

New horizons in lipoprotein research.

The present decade was heralded by the identification of cDNA clones for apo-AI, HMG CoA reductase and the LDL receptor. Today we have descriptions of many other proteins involved in lipid metabolism and of the genes that code for them. Structure and function have been probed by techniques for protein blotting and by in vitro mutagenesis of proteins. The details of gene regulation are now beginning to be unravelled and we can expect exciting new developments in the understanding of how gene expression affects plasma lipoprotein levels. New and powerful techniques have been established for identifying known mutations and for detecting new mutations. Discovery of restriction fragment length polymorphisms have allowed the association between these DNA markers and particular genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism to be probed. The extent to which particular gene loci contribute to the variation in plasma cholesterol levels is being analysed using the methods of genetic epidemiology. With the advent of methods for establishing linkage and physical maps of the human genome, it is now possible to identify the genes responsible for any disorder in which clinical material can be assembled. From this rapidly advancing knowledge it must be anticipated that many new exciting diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities will emerge.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1987

DNA sequence of the human apolipoprotein B gene.

The sequence of the human apolipoprotein B gene comprises 43 kb divided into 29 exons, one of which is unusually long and contains 7572 bp. Comparison of the gene sequence with four complete and three partial cDNA sequences published elsewhere reveals a total of 60 nucleotide substitutions and 39 amino acid substitutions and one small deletion in the signal peptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

The Newcastle chronic depression study: results of a treatment regime.

A trial is described of new therapeutic approaches in treatment-resistant chronic depression. Phenelzine, L-tryptophan and lithium ("5HT-cocktail") was used as the major pharmacological strategy, and a regime aimed at reducing vanadium concentrations was added in the second part of the trial. Patients were randomly assigned to cognitive behaviour therapy in addition. All but 1 of the patients who ultimately entered the trial were unipolar depressives; 2 bipolar patients were withdrawn in the initial drug-free period because of the development of mixed affective states. Eleven of 20 patients showed an improvement to less than 50% of their initial scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and all those who improved did so in the first 6 weeks. Cognitive behaviour therapy did not seem to influence the response, but it is recognized that the short duration of therapy may be inadequate in these circumstances. It is suggested that intensive drug treatment is a necessary preliminary in management and may allow the effective use of rehabilitation aimed at the secondary handicaps of chronic depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A quantitative study of histological changes in the human parotid gland occurring with adult age.

Parotid samples from 63 'sudden death' necropsies of both sexes, aged 17-90 years, were collected after exclusions for chronic illness or medications. Advancing age was accompanied by acinar atrophy and ductal irregularities. The adipose content varied widely at all ages but, together with fibrovascular tissue, tended to increase with age. Stereological analysis demonstrated a linear reduction of acinar proportional volume amounting to 30% over the age range. Females tended to have more adipose tissue and less fibrous tissue than males. These structural age changes resemble those of other salivary glands, but unlike the latter are not accompanied by age-dependent functional impairments. This suggests a greater acinar secretory efficiency or larger secretory reserve volume in the parotid than in other glands. The frequent high levels of parotid adiposity encountered suggest this feature is not pathological nor necessarily a reliable indicator of nutritional or hormonal diseases, excluded from the present study.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Cholinergic receptor-regulation of potassium channels and potassium transport in human submandibular acinar cells.

The cholinergic receptor-regulation of K+ transport was studied in human submandibular glands. Acetylcholine stimulation 10 mumol/L results in an increase in membrane permeability (86Rb+ efflux) for, and a net efflux of, K+ ions from the glandular tissue. In the post-stimulus period, there is a net re-uptake of K+ ions into the tissue. Patch-clamp electrophysiological techniques were employed to demonstrate the presence of a large conductance K+ selective ion channel in the basolateral membranes of isolated human submandibular acinar cells. The patch-clamp results indicate that this voltage- and calcium-activated K+ channel operates to regulate the K+ permeability in both the resting and acetylcholine-stimulated acinar cells. We discuss the role of the K+ channel, K+ efflux, and K+ re-uptake in relation to stimulus-secretion coupling.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Experience with I-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG): a retrospective study.

We report a retrospective study of two years experience with I-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). I-131 MIBG was prepared locally and was found to have decreased background activity as compared with other available commercial preparations from Great Britain and the United States. Fifty-nine patients were studied with a total of 65 scans. The study included 11 members of a family with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) type II syndrome. Of 16 patients found to have abnormal scans, 12 had disease confirmed surgically. These cases consisted of nine pheochromocytomas, one paraganglioma, one neurilemmoma, and one neuroblastoma. MIBG scans for pheochromocytoma detection had an accuracy of 94.5%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 93.5% in this study of patients with a high prior probability of the disease.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1987

The human apolipoprotein genes.

The apolipoproteins fall into two groups: the typical apolipoproteins (apo-AI, apo-AII, apo-AIV, apo-CI, apo-CII, apo-CIII and apo-E) constitute a multigene family with strong similarities in structure, genomic organization and in functional domains. The evolutionary relationship of these genes has been particularly well studied. Important work is now under way to analyse genetic variation of the apolipoprotein genes which contributes to alterations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels and enhanced risk of coronary heart disease. Intensive work is also focused on understanding apolipoprotein gene regulation and it is hoped that this will contribute to understanding how plasma lipid levels are determined. Apolipoprotein B produces two distinct proteins. These have a central role in lipid metabolism. Their structure has been analyzed from studies on cDNAs and the organization of the gene determined. It remains to be determined how the apo-B gene produces two proteins, the intestinal form being half the size of the hepatic form. Studies to date indicate that this is not by the usual mechanisms of exon shuffling or post-translational processing. It might be anticipated that the smaller form is produced by a novel mechanism. As with the other apolipoproteins intensive work is now focused on the analysis of genetic variation and of the study of apo-B gene variation. Analysis of the apo-B gene may have profound implications for the diagnosis and treatment of plasma lipid abnormalities.

Amino Acid Sequence↗