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Biomedical subjects

J Schulman

Publications and source records attributed to J Schulman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Feasibility of identifying high-risk occupations through tumor registries.

The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a population-based tumor registry to identify occupational groups at high risk of developing cancer. The study group comprised 6,424 union members residing in the San Francisco/Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) who represent six occupations: asbestos workers, bakers, painters, plasterers, plumbers and roofers. Computer linkage of union rosters to the California Tumor Registry (CTR) file identified incident cases of cancer. The CTR's age-sex-year-specific incidence rates were used to calculate the expected number of cancer cases, and estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). The results demonstrate, as expected, increased cancer incidence (SIR = 498) for trachea, bronchus, lung and pleura among asbestos workers, a group widely recognized as having high risk for respiratory cancers, and among painters (SIR = 199). Strengths and weaknesses of such an approach are discussed.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1981

Large capillary aneurysms secondary to retinal venous obstruction.

Three patients had unusually large capillary aneurysms. Two of the patients had had previous branch vein occlusions, while a third had had a central retinal vein occlusion. The large capillary aneurysms were located in areas of ischaemic retina that were drained by the previously obstructed veins. Retinal ischaemia and, possibly, increased hydrostatic pressure following vein occlusion were postulated to result in the development of these atypical capillary aneurysms. They are similar in size to arterial macroaneurysms, but originate from the venous side of the capillary bed. Like typical capillary microaneurysms and arterial macroaneurysms, these large capillary aneurysms may result in visual loss from macular oedema, serous elevation of the macula, and circinate lipid exudation. Argon laser obliteration of the aneurysms appears to be effective therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Epileptiform ocular movements with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria.

A 7 1/2-year-old girl with a rare defect in cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism ("cobalamin C" type) developed epileptiform ocular and eyelid movements as the major clinical manifestation of the disease. One of three other patients who have been described with congenital syndrome was similarly noted to have "fluttering" of the eyelids interpreted as epileptic discharges. The metabolic abnormality produced a defect in synthesis of cobalamin coenzymes. It is characterized biochemically by the excreation of methylmalonic acid and homocystine in the urine.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Peripheral proliferative retinopathy without oxygen therapy in a full-term infant.

A 2,948-g full-term male infant, the product of an uncomplicated pregnancy, developed fundus changes consistent with retrolental fibroplasia in the absence of supplemental oxygen therapy. He had no associated illnesses or congenital anomalies, and had not received exchange transfusions. There was no family history of ocular disease. Changes similar to those of retrolental fibroplasia do occasionally occur in fullterm infants who have had no supplemental oxygen therapy. A relative hyperoxia caused by the increase in arterial oxygen saturation occurring at birth is one possible explanation for these events. This rise, plus susceptibility factors apart from prematurity, may account for these unusual cases. Additionally, these cases may represent sporadic examples of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

A clinical score for predicting the level of respiratory care in infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

A scoring system was developed to predict the need for transferring infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) from community hospitals to specialized respiratory care centers. Five clinical and laboratory determinations (birthweight, clinical RDS score, FI02, PCO2 and pH) recorded from 100 infants with RDS during one year were utilized in a score with values ranging from 0 to 10. Application of the score to 159 infants with RDS during the following year showed that: (1) 73 per cent of infants scoring less than or equal to 3 received only oxygen by hood; (2) 75 per cent of infants scoring 4--5 required continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); and (3) 87 per cent of infants scoring greater than or equal to 6 needed mechanical ventilation (7V). Mean scores were significantly different (p less than 0.02) for each type of respiratory therapy employed: oxygen by hood (2.30 +/- 0.19 S.E.M.); CPAP (4.27 +/- 0.16 S.E.M.); MV (6.72 +/- 0.25 S.E.M.). The accuracy and simplicity of the score make it valuable for the physician in the community hospital to assist in deciding when to transfer a neonate with RDS for more intensive respiratory therapy.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

A feminist approach for the treatment of drug-abusing women in a coed therapeutic community.

Experiences with female addicts in a feminist awareness group within a coed therapeutic community are reported. The group met for 16 months and was based on a variety of therapeutic techniques and educational presentations. The intervention resulted in more communication and trust among the women, increased interest in health-related concerns, a reduced sense of alienation, and gains in self-respect. The article discussed the issues and implications of resistance to the group, timing, development of indigenous leadership, training for feminist therapists, and the use of outside professional consultants in therapeutic communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Administrative receivership and troika management.

The authors describe the use of troika management and administrative receivership to upgrade a unit in a state mental hospital. The experiment included a three person unit chief, transitional leadership, and collective decision making.

Administrative Personnel↗